Chemical Reactions

Production of new substances

Lesson 3
 Chemical Reactions
 A process in which a substance (or
substances) is changed into one or more
new substances
 The chemical property of the new
substance is different from the original
substance before the reaction
 Products of the chemical reaction are
always different from the reactants
COLOR
BUBBLE
HEAT
PRECIPITATE
ODOR
 Evidences of Chemical Reaction

 Chemical reaction is always accompanied

by a chemical change evidenced as any of
the following:
Evidences of Chemical Reaction
 Chemical Equation
 Uses chemical symbols to show what happens
during chemical reaction
 Shows the identity of the reactants and
products and the relative amount of these
substances consumed or produced in a
chemical reaction
Reactants  Products
 Chemical Equation
Arrow: means “to yield”
or to produce

Reactants  Products

Reactants: the starting Products: the substance

materials in a chemical formed as a result of
reaction, always written chemical reaction,
at the left – hand side. always written at the
right – hand side.
Chemical Equation
 Types of Chemical
Reactions
Synthesis, Combustion, Decomposition & Replacement
The Get Together…
Synthesis (Combination)
 Two or more reactants combine to
form a single product
The break up…
 Decomposition (Analysis)
 One reactant decompose or dissociate
into two or more products
The cheater…
Single Replacement (Substitution)

 One element of a compound is

replaced by a different element
 Single Replacement
 A metal replaces a
hydrogen
 A metal replaces another
metal
 We use an activity series
to predict which metals are
“stronger” and can knock
out other metals from
compounds
 Activity Series
The most active metals are
at the top. These will
replace metals below them.
The halogens are also listed
in order of most active at
the top to least active at the
bottom.
More active elements
replace less active elements
in single replacement
reactions
The swap…
Double Replacement (Metathesis)

 Two ionic compounds exchange

cations and anions with each other
Double Replacement Reactions
 Produces a
precipitate, liquid or
gas
 All four of the ions
switch partners
 Aqueous solution
Combustion
 Combustion
 Reaction in which a substance reacts with oxygen,
usually with the release of heat and light to
produce a flame
 Summary
The main types of Replacement Reactions:
reactions 2 types
 Combustion – reaction  Single replacement – a
with oxygen stronger ion steps in and
 Synthesis – two replaces a weaker ion
compounds or elements  Double replacement –
getting together 2 cations switch places,
 Decomposition – One forming a precipitate, a
compound splitting up liquid, or a gas
 Steps to determine
How to identify type of reaction
a reaction? Write the chemical
equation
Be systematic – it Determine what is
will help you identify happening in the
the reaction type reaction
and the products! Use the table to identify
the type of reaction
Check your answer by
comparing the chemical
equation to the generic
equation
 Example: Identifying a
How to identify a reaction
reaction? CaO (s) + CO2 (g) 
CaCO3 (s)
Example:
2 compounds are
Solid calcium oxide reacting to form one
and carbon dioxide
compound
gas react to produce
solid calcium This is a synthesis
carbonate reaction

A + B  AB
Identify the type of chemical reaction:
1. 2 AgNO3 + Cu  Cu(NO3)2 + 2 Ag Single Replacement
2. SO3(g)+H2O(l)→H2SO4(aq) Combination
3. Fe + Cu(NO3)2  Fe(NO3)2 + Cu Single Replacement
4. HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq)  H2O (l) + NaCl(aq) Double
Replacement
5. CaCO3(s)→CaO(s)+CO2(g)
Decomposition
6. H2CO3(aq)→CO2(g)+H2O(l)
Decomposition
7. 2Fe(s)+O2(g)→2FeO(s ) Combination &
Combustion