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Lecture 5 - MM
Lecture 5 - MM
Lecture 5 - MM
Lecture 5
If 𝛼=0 ,𝑢=⃗
𝑉 ∞ , 𝑣=0 : 𝜙=𝑉 ∞ 𝑥 If 𝛼=0 ,𝑢=⃗
𝑉 ∞ , 𝑣=0 : ψ =𝑉 ∞ 𝑦
𝜋
If 𝛼 = 2 , 𝑢= 0 , 𝑣 =⃗
𝑉 ∞ : 𝜙=𝑉 ∞ 𝑦 If 𝛼=
𝜋
, 𝑢= 0 , 𝑣 = ⃗
𝑉∞: ψ =−𝑉 ∞ 𝑥
2
In polar coordinates: In polar coordinates:
𝜙=𝑉 ∞ 𝑟 cos ( 𝜃 −𝛼 ) ψ =𝑉 ∞ 𝑟 sin ( 𝜃 − 𝛼 )
Lecture 5 Page 2 of 15
Aerodynamics
SOURCE/SINK
FLOW
• The flow is incompressible at
every point except at the
origin O: ( ⃗
𝛻∙⃗𝑉 =0 )
• The flow is irrotational at
every point ( ⃗
𝛻 ×𝑉 ⃗ =0 )
1 1
Vr V 0 Vr V 0
r 2r r r 2r r
r
r
2r 0 2r 0
g r n
ln r f mr
2 2
ln r
2 2
Lecture 5 Page 4 of 15
Aerodynamics
DOUBLET
FLOW
It is a special case of a source-sink pair
At point P in the flow the stream function is:
1 2
2 2 2
Let the source and sink approach while l
remains constant ( must increase l
with decreasing
l ), and denote P P
l d
sin y
or
2 r 2 x 2 y 2
r
1
V
r r
cos x
or
2 r 2 x 2 y 2
Lecture 5 Page 6 of 15
Aerodynamics
VORTEX
FLOW
Comparing 1 and 2:
The same for all the
C 2C
2 streamlines.
Lecture 5 Page 7 of 15
Aerodynamics
VORTEX FLOW
(Cont’d)
1 1
Vr 0 V Vr 0 V
r r 2r r r 2r
0 r
2 0 2r
g
mr
f r ln r n
2 2
ln r
2 2
x
tan 1 ln x 2 y 2
2 y 4
Lecture 5 Page 8 of 15
Aerodynamics
PRESSURE
COEFFICIENT
P P
In general for any flow CP
q
Stagnation point
u V r sin s V r sin
2 2
Satisfies Laplace’s Satisfies Laplace’s Satisfies Laplace’s
Equation Equation Equation
Lecture 5 Page 10 of 21
Aerodynamics
COMBINATION OF ELEMENTARY FLOWS
(Cont’d)
V V V sin 0 V V sin
r
3. Stagnation point:
If any, stagnation point is where Vr V 0
V 0
Vr V cos 0 V V sin 0
2r 0
sin 0
0:
V 0 r r must be always positive
2r 2V
:
V 0 r
2r 2V
Stagnation point ,
2V
Lecture 5 Page 11 of 21
Aerodynamics
COMBINATION OF ELEMENTARY FLOWS
(Cont’d)
4. Stagnation streamline:
V r sin
2
V sin
2V 2
const V r sin
2 2r 2
The streamline 2 separates the flow coming from free stream from the flow
coming from the source and could be replaced by a solid surface of the same
shape.
Lecture 5 Page 12 of 21
Aerodynamics
COMBINATION OF ELEMENTARY FLOWS
(Cont’d)
V2
2 cos 2 cos
Cp
2 Cp
2V r 2V r 2V r 2r 2
V
or,
2 cos C
C C p C 2
2V r r
Lecture 9 Page 13 of 21
Aerodynamics
COMBINATION OF ELEMENTARY FLOWS
(Cont’d)
Recall that:
V r sin
2 2
Solving for r:
1 1
r
2 2 V sin 2 V sin
r
2 V sin
Substituting r in the equation of Cp:
2 cos
Cp 2
2V 2
2V
2
V sin 2 V sin
sin sin
CP 2 cos
Lecture 5 Page 14 of 21
Aerodynamics
HOMEWOR
K
1. From the textbook “Fundamentals of Aerodynamics”:
• Read sections 3.13, 3.15, and 3.16
2. From the book Bertin, John “Aerodynamics for Engineers”, 5th Ed. Prentice Hall,
2009:
• Read section 3.13.
COMPLEMENTARY
ACTIVITIES
1. From the book Munson, Bruce R, Young, Donald F., and Okiishi, Theodore H.,
“Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics”, 3rd Ed. John Wiley & Sonds, Inc. 1998:
• Read sections 6.6, 6.6.1, 6.6.2, 6.6.3, and 6.7
Lecture 5 Page 15 of 15