SPECIALIZED CRIME

INVESTIGATION WITH LEGAL

MEDICINE
ARASGA
 What is SPECIAL CRIME
INVESTIGATION?
Special crime investigation deals with MAJOR CRIMES
based on the application of special investigative
techniques.
 MAJOR CRIMES
(also known as index crimes or priority crimes)
1. serious in nature; and
2. committed with sufficient frequency / regularity.
INDEX CRIMES (old)
1. Homicide
2. Murder
3. Physical Injuries
4. Rape
5. Theft
6. Robbery
7. Carnapping
8. Cattle Rustling
INDEX CRIMES (new)
1. Homicide
2. Murder
3. Physical Injuries
4. Rape
5. Theft
6. Robbery
7. Carnapping
8. (Composite Crimes / Special Complex Crimes)
ASSESSMENT
1. Which of the following deals with the identity and location
of the culprit and the collection of evidence to prove in court
that the offender is guilty of a major crime?
a. criminal investigation
b. special crime investigation
c. cardinal points of investigation
d. crime scene investigation
 CRIME IS SOLVED
(Memorandum Circular no. 94-017)

1. Offender has been identified

2. There is a sufficient evidence to charge him
3. The offender has actually been taken into custody
4. The offender has actually been charged
(also known as Cleared Cases)
 Crime is ALSO solved
(Memorandum Circular no. 94-017)

Some elements beyond police control prevent the arrest

of the offender:
a. victim refuses to prosecute
b. offender dies
c. offender absconds
 HOMICIDE INVESTIGATION
Application of investigative principles and methods
in solving ALL CRIMES which involve killing.

1. Homicide
2. Murder
3. Parricide
4. Infanticide
5. Abortion
 WATERLOO in Homicide
Investigation
1. When the dead body is MOVED;
2. When the dead body is CREMATED; and
3. When the dead body is EMBALMED
STEPS in Homicide Investigation
FIRST: Establish Death
1. Death is simply the absence of life.
2. Death occurs when there is a permanent
cessation of any vital function / organ of the human
body.
 VITAL ACTIVITIES
of the Human Body
1. Respiration
2. Cardiac Activity
3. CNS (Central Nervous System)
 Death by ASPHYXIA
It occurs when the body is deprived of oxygen.
* hanging
* strangulation (neck compression)
* drowning
* smothering / suffocation
* choking
 Who may ESTABLISH DEATH?
* Forensic Pathologist / Medico-Legal Officer
Exception:
When death is demonstrated in a very obvious
manner.
* head is severed, decomposing body,
skeletonized body,
 Medico-Legal Classifications of
Death
1. Natural Death
- illness, disease, old age

2. Accidental Death
- results from negligence, imprudence or acts of nature
(flood, earthquake, landslide, volcanic eruption, tsunami, lightning,
etc.) and other similar cause (trapped in a burning building,
stampede).
 Medico-Legal Classifications of
Death
3. Violent Death
Death due to intentional act.
Deaths which when established would require the
investigator to conduct further investigation.

4. Suicidal Death
Deceased took his own life.
STEPS in Homicide Investigation
SECOND: Identify the Cadaver / Deceased
“Stand into the dead man’s shoes” principle
Why is it important?
* determine motive
* identify the offender
METHODS IN IDENTIFYING THE
DECEASED
It is not inconsistent with the objective of criminal
investigation. It is, in fact, complimentary.

1. Visual Inspection
2. Personal Effects
3. Tattoo, Scars, Birthmarks, Moles, Diseases, and Other
Similar Marks
4. Skeletal Analysis
METHODS IN IDENTIFYING THE
DECEASED
It is not inconsistent with the objective of criminal
investigation. It is, in fact, complimentary.

5. Odontology (Forensic Odontology)

6. DNA Fingerprinting / Test
(not useful in identifying MZ / Identical / Paternal
Twins)
7. Fingerprint Identification
STEPS in Homicide Investigation
THIRD: Estimate time of death / Death Estimates
* Activity of the deceased prior to his / her death.
* Post Mortem Changes
Post Mortem = after death
 RELEVANT CHANGES
1. Livor Mortis = 6-8 hours after death.
2. Rigor Mortis = 2-6 hours after death.
3. Putrefaction = 24 hours
- Adipocere (ammonia-like odor when fresh)
- Maceration (occurs in intrauterine deaths)
 BEST INDICATORS
1. What is the best indicator of time of death?
- Algor Mortis
2. What is the best indicator of the original position of
the dead body?
- Livor Mortis
3. What is the best indicator of the cause of death?
- Cadaveric Spasm (Instantaneous Rigidity)
STEPS in Homicide Investigation
FOURTH: Post Mortem Examination (On-Scene
Examination / External Examination)
* original position of the dead body
* cause of death
* wounds
 WOUNDS
1. Incised wounds = caused by sharp-edged
instrument.
2. Stab wounds = caused by sharp-edged and pointed
object.
3. Punctured wounds = caused by pointed object.
4. Lacerated wounds = caused by blunt instrument.
5. Defense wounds = (location) found on forearms.
 ASSESSMENT
1. The intel officer knew that the designated spot where
information collected by his asset is already compromised. It was
when he saw a cover of a floppy disk in it (disk cover = discover).
So, he searched for the asset, followed him and when the latter
(asset) has become aware, the asset left the letter, containing the
information, in a trash bin, in a way that he will be seen by the
officer. Where did the officer see the cover of the floppy disk?
a. accommodation address
b. safe house
c. drop
d. quarters
 ASSESSMENT
2. Where did the asset put the letter containing the
information?
a. accommodation address
b. live drop
c. dead drop
d. safe house
 ASSESSMENT
3. The intel officer assumes a different identity in the conduct of
surveillance operation. He requested for set of clothes and a fake
ID. Where should the intel officer collect the requested items?
a. accommodation address
b. safe house
c. drop
d. quarters
 ASSESSMENT
4. An informant motivated by remuneration went to the police
station to disclose information concerning a crime under
investigation. What is the evaluation rating of such informant?
a. F
b. A
c. D
d. C
 ASSESSMENT
5. The subject believes that he is under surveillance. He left
his car near in front of a grocery store and from a nearby
building, with binoculars, he observed people around the
parking area to verify his suspicion. Car has been used by the
subject as –
a. decoy
b. drop
c. surveillant
d. subject
 ASSESSMENT
6. A transmitter has been installed inside the room “pot
sessions” are being held. What is the surveillance used in the
given scenario?
a. Roping
b. Technical
c. Casing
d. Profiling
 ASSESSMENT
7. The information given by an asset is similar to that which
was given by the witness and the victim who were
interviewed in separate rooms. What is the evaluation of the
information given by the asset?
a. 1
b. 3
c. 5
d. 6
 ASSESSMENT
8. It is known to the police that the crime under investigation was
perpetrated by three male ex-convicts. The victim gained
consciousness after a week and said to the police that there is a
fourth perpetrator, who happened to be his best friend. The police
did not know it. What is the evaluation of the victim as the source
of information?
a. C c. B
b. E d. A
What is the evaluation of the information?
a. A1 c. A2
b. A6 d. A5
 ASSESSMENT
9. The intel officer suspects that the subject lives at
Tenement 18. He stayed inside his vehicle parked in front of
the tenement and waited for the subject to come out of the
building. What is the observation performed by the intel
officer?
a. Tailing
b. Shadowing
c. Stationary
d. Stakeout
 ASSESSMENT
10. The operatives went to the subdivision where the
wanted fugitive is probably hiding. Their purpose is to survey
the area in order to ensure the safety of the officers who will
apprehend the suspect. What was conducted by the
operatives?
a. Tailing
b. Casing
c. Stationary
d. Stakeout
 ASSESSMENT
11. The intel operatives were informed that “the fish is in the
northeast,” which means the operation to arrest the subject
must be executed not later than 14:30 today. What is the
translation of statements / information in phrases which are
only known to the operatives involved?
a. Crypting
b. Encrypting
c. Decrypting
d. Code
 ASSESSMENT
12. What is determined in evaluating the source of
information?
a. reliability c. efficiency
b. accuracy d. security
13. What is determined in evaluating the information?
a. reliability c. efficiency
b. accuracy d. security
 ASSESSMENT
14. Which of the foregoing statements refer to “corpus
delicti?”
I. Corpus delicti is the body or a substance of the crime
II. Corpus delicti is the fact that a crime has actually been
committed
III. Corpus Delicti is the body of the person who is a victim of
the homicide or murder
a. II, III c. I, III
b. I,II d. I, II, III