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  • HOMEOSTASIS (New Syllabus)

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    yashmiganegoda13
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    Homeostasis refers to the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes. It is important for efficient enzyme activity and metabolic processes. Negative feedback loops involving detectors, controllers, and effectors work to correct deviations from set points in tissues. Key organs like the skin, kidneys, lungs, and liver help regulate temperature, water levels, gas levels, and glucose levels. The hypothalamus and pancreas act as control centers. Feedback mechanisms precisely adjust responses like sweating, shivering, water retention, and hormone secretion to keep conditions like temperature, water concentration, and glucose levels in a constant, balanced state. Diabetes occurs when the pancreas cannot produce enough insulin to regulate blood glucose levels.

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    Homeostasis refers to the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes. It is important for efficient enzyme activity and metabolic processes. Negative feedback loops involving detectors, controllers, and effectors work to correct deviations from set points in tissues. Key organs like the skin, kidneys, lungs, and liver help regulate temperature, water levels, gas levels, and glucose levels. The hypothalamus and pancreas act as control centers. Feedback mechanisms precisely adjust responses like sweating, shivering, water retention, and hormone secretion to keep conditions like temperature, water concentration, and glucose levels in a constant, balanced state. Diabetes occurs when the pancreas cannot produce enough insulin to regulate blood glucose levels.

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    8 views10 pages

    HOMEOSTASIS (New Syllabus)

    Uploaded by

    yashmiganegoda13
    Homeostasis refers to the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes. It is important for efficient enzyme activity and metabolic processes. Negative feedback loops involving detectors, controllers, and effectors work to correct deviations from set points in tissues. Key organs like the skin, kidneys, lungs, and liver help regulate temperature, water levels, gas levels, and glucose levels. The hypothalamus and pancreas act as control centers. Feedback mechanisms precisely adjust responses like sweating, shivering, water retention, and hormone secretion to keep conditions like temperature, water concentration, and glucose levels in a constant, balanced state. Diabetes occurs when the pancreas cannot produce enough insulin to regulate blood glucose levels.

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    of 10

    MAINTAINING THE INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT

    A CONSTANT DESPITE OF THE


    EXTERNAL/ INTERNAL FLUCTUATIONS/STIMULI​
    ​

    HOMEOSTASIS
    WHY IS HOMEOSTASIS
    IMPORTANT?
    Because as Endothermic animals we rely on the
    optimized activity of the enzymes for various metabolic
    processes.

    Therefore it is really important to maintain


    -An optimum temperature
    -An optimum pH
    -A balanced state of body fluids
    -Osmoregulation , for the efficient enzymatic activity
    NEGATIVE
    FEEDBACK DETECTORS
    - Eg. Receptors detect the change

    Through
    When there impulses
    is a
    CONTROLLERS
    deviation
    Eg. Hypothalamus; Coordinate information & triggers
    from
    correction of the system by
    “Set Point”
    (in tissue
    fluids) Through nerve
    impulses &
    EFFECTORS hormones
    Eg. Performs the changes as directed by the
    controllers
    Through secretion of
    NEGATIV hormones,
    E changes by organs
    FEEDBA
    CK BODY REACHES A CONSTANT
    BALANCED STATE
    Organs that carry out
    homeostasis
    SKIN - Thermal regulation, Regulation of water, salts and
    urea
    KIDNEYS – Regulation of water and salts, urea in the
    body
    LUNGS - Regulation of Carbon Dioxide and water
    LIVER – Regulation of body glucose content
    Control centres in homeostasis

    Hypothalamus
    -for water, body temperature, and pH in blood

     Pancreas
    •-for glucose content in blood
    Thermal correction
    NORMAL
    TEMPERATURE 370

    Body temperature Body temperature


    (hot receptors in skin (cold receptors in skin
    detects) detects)

    HYPOTHALAMUS HYPOTHALAMUS
    -receives impulses -receives impulses
    NEGATIVE
    FEEDBACK

    Skin looses heat Skin retains heat back


    - Vasodilation - Vasoconstriction
    - Hairs lowered Normal - Hairs erected
    - Excess sweat temperature - No sweat produced
    production - Shivering response
    REGULATION OF WATER
    NORMAL
    CONCENTRATION
    IN BLOOD
    Blood Water
    Blood Water
    -Concentrated
    -Diluted

    HYPOTHALAMUS HYPOTHALAMUS
    -generates impulses -generates impulses
    Pituitary gland stops Pituitary gland
    producing ADH produce a lot of ADH
    NEGATIVE
    FEEDBACK

    Collecting ducts Collecting ducts more


    impermeable permeable
    Excess water Normal water Higher Reabsorption of
    discharged by the conc. In blood water, urine conc
    kidney, urine dil.
    REGULATION OF glucose

    NORMAL BLOOD
    GLUCOSE

    Blood Glucose
    Blood Glucose

    PANCREAS
    PANCREAS
    Detects increase via
    Detects drop via
    receptors
    receptors
    - release of insulin by
    release of insulin by
    Beta cells NEGATIVE
    FEEDBACK Alpha cells

    Excess blood glucose


    Glycogen converts to
    converts to glycogen in
    Normal glucose glucose in the liver
    the liver and muscle
    conc. In blood
    cells
    What is Diabetes (Type I)
    • When the beta cells of the pancreas cannot produce
    sufficient insulin to increase the permeability of the
    liver and muscle cells to take up glucose from the blood
    plasma following a spike in the blood glucose level; blood
    glucose conc. Would be persistently elevated causing
    Diabetes Type (I)

    Treatment : Administering a dose of Insulin artificially/ externally

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