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05 Gases
05 Gases
05 Gases
GENERAL CHEMISTRY I
LESSON OVERVIEW
▪ Behavior of Gases
▪ Gas Laws
▪ The Ideal Gas Law
▪ Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressure
5.1
BEHAVIOR OF GASES
PROPERTIES OF GAS PARTICLES
• Gases consists of particles that are relatively far apart as compared to solids
and liquids.
• Gas particles move about rapidly.
• Gas particles have little effect on one another unless they collide.
• Gases expand to fill their containers.
BEHAVIOR OF GASES
• All gases expand if heated
and contract if cooled.
• Changes in pressure and
amount of gas affect the
behavior of gas.
• Flat tire
• Blowing up a Balloon
• Exercise ball
PRESSURE OF A GAS
𝑃𝑉=𝑘
BOYLE’S LAW
BOYLE’S LAW
If 22.5 L of nitrogen at 748 mm Hg are compressed to 725
mm hg at constant temperature. What is the new volume?
𝑃𝑉=𝑘
CHARLES’S LAW
Scientist Jacques Charles
“At a fixed volume, the temperature and pressure of a gas are directly
proportional to each other”
GAY-LUSSAC’S LAW
GAY-LUSSAC’S LAW
The gases in a hair spray can are at a temperature of 27 degrees celcius
and a pressure of 30. If the gases in the can reach a pressure of the can will
explode. To what temperature must the gases be raised for the can to explode?
Assume the volume is constant.
𝑃
=𝑘
𝑃1 𝑃2
= 𝑇 = ( 27 000
𝑙𝑏
𝑖𝑛 2
∙𝐾
𝑇 𝑇 1 𝑇 22 𝑙𝑏
30
30
𝑙𝑏
𝑖𝑛2
=
)90
30
𝑙𝑏
𝑖𝑇
𝑙𝑏
𝑖𝑛
𝑛 2
(×
2
𝑇 ) (
2 = 90
𝑙𝑏
𝑖 𝑛2 ) ( 300 𝐾 )
𝑖 𝑛2
0
𝐶 +273 2
𝑙𝑏 𝑙𝑏
30 ∙ 𝑇 2 = 27000 ∙ 𝐾
𝑙𝑏
𝑖 𝑛
2 )= ( 90𝑖𝑛
𝑙𝑏
2
2
𝑖𝑛 )
𝑖𝑛
2
0 𝐾 𝑇 2
AVOGADRO’S LAW
Lorenzo Romano Amadeo Carlo Avogadro
8.0 𝐾 )
) ( 298.0 𝐾 )
.0 𝐾 )𝒂𝒕𝒎
𝟕𝟎
5.3
THE IDEAL GAS LAW
IDEAL GAS LAW
The combination of all Simple Gas Laws: Boyle’s Law, Charles’ law
and Avogadro’s Law.
𝑃𝑉=𝑛𝑅𝑇
Where:
P= pressure
V= volume
n=amount of gas particles
T= temperature
IDEAL GAS LAW
𝑃(2𝐿)=( 3.5𝑚𝑜𝑙 ) (
0.0821𝐿∙𝑎𝑡𝑚
𝑚𝑜𝑙∙𝐾
(1623𝐾) ) 𝑃=
𝑃 (2 𝐿
𝑷 =𝟐𝟑𝟑
)=
466
STANDARD TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE
𝑃𝑉 =𝑛𝑅𝑇
0.0821 𝐿∙ 𝑎𝑡𝑚
(1𝑎𝑡𝑚)𝑉 =(1.7844 𝑚𝑜𝑙) (273 𝐾 )
𝑚𝑜𝑙∙ 𝐾
5.4
DALTON’S LAW OF PARTIAL
PRESSURE
DALTON’S LAW OF PARTIAL PRESSURE
“The total pressure of a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial
pressures of the component gases”
DALTON’S LAW OF PARTIAL PRESSURE
Blast furnaces gives off many unpleasant and unhealty gases. If the total air
pressure is 0.99 atm, the partial pressure of carbon dioxide is 0.05 atm, and
the partial pressure of hydrogen sulfide is 0.02 atm, what is the partial
pressure of the remaining gas?