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Legal Med Chapter 3 A
Legal Med Chapter 3 A
Legal Med Chapter 3 A
Scientific Methods:
#1 Dactylography:
• art and recording finger prints
• Intelpol
#2 Dactyloscopy:
• Art of identification by comparison of fingerprints
#3 Poroscopy:
• Study of pores found on papillary ridges of the skin
LEGAL MEDICINE #3
Poroscopy:
• Fingerprinting most valuable method
• Universally accepted
• Not changeable
• Formed 4th month of pregnancy
LEGAL MEDICINE #3
Practical USES:
1. Establish the identity of a missing or unknown person
2. Recovered from crime scene may associate the person or
weapon
3. Substitute for signature among :
Illiterate
Congenital anomalies
LEGAL MEDICINE #3
#5 Bibliotics:
• Science of hand writing analysis
• Study of documents
• Genuiness or authorship
LEGAL MEDICINE #3
Bibliotist:
Product of
Conception:
1 month:
• Ovum 1 cm long
• Weight 2.5 gms
• 2 dark spots
LEGAL MEDICINE #3
2 months:
• Ovum: 4 cm
long
• Weight 10 gms
• Eyes / nose
• Anus as dark
spot
LEGAL MEDICINE #3
3 months:
• 8 cm long
• Weight 30 gms
• Nails
• Placenta
• Sex organs
LEGAL MEDICINE #3
4 months:
• 13 cm length
• Weight: 204 gms
• Sex
• Lanugo hair
• Hair is visible in
the body
• FINGERPRINTS
LEGAL MEDICINE #3
5 months:
• Length: 22 cms
• Wieght: 450 gms
• Skin covered
with vernex
caseossa
• Dental gums in
mandible
LEGAL MEDICINE #3
6 months:
• Length: 30 cms
• Weight : 1 kg
• Skin wrinkled
• Head hair
• Textiles close to
kidneys
• Eyebrows/lashes
LEGAL MEDICINE #3
7 months:
• Length: 18 cms
• Weight: 1,5 kgs
• Eyelids open
• Textiles begin to dissent
into the scrotum
• Body is dark red
• With hair at the scalp
• Viable (28 wks)
LEGAL MEDICINE #3
8 months:
• Length: 42 cms
• Weight: 2.2 kgs
• Skin wrinkled
• Flesh colored : skin
red
• Lanugo hair sheds
• Textiles scrotum
• Nails at end of fingers
LEGAL MEDICINE #3
9 months:
• Length: 45 – 50 cms
• Weight: 3 – 3.5 kgs
• Dark hair scalp
LEGAL MEDICINE #3
IDENTIFICATION OF BLOOD:
1. For identification whether the blood stain is of human origin or not
2. For blood transfusion and cross matching
3. For disputed parentage
4. Coorobaorative evidence against or in favoe of the perpetrator of the crime
5. Determination of the cause of death
6. Direction of escape of the victim or assailant
7. Determination of the approximate time the crime was committed
LEGAL MEDICINE #3
Blood:
Hemorrhage:
death due to blood loss without replacement
Cherry red color: carbon monoxide poisoning
LEGAL MEDICINE #3
Human blood:
Reddish in liquid
within blood vessels
Four element
• Red blood cells
• White blood cells
• Platelets
• plasma
LEGAL MEDICINE #3
Hemoglobin:
• Red color
• 200 cc filipino
• 6 glass loss = death
• 3 glass = anemia
LEGAL MEDICINE #3
To consider in a crime:
1. Whether the stain is blood or not
2. Human or not
3. Blood type
4. Charateristic:
Age of the stain
Color of the stain
Clothing of the stained blood
Approximate amount of blood lost
Nature, configuration, manner, degree and condition of the stained material
LEGAL MEDICINE #3
Hemoglobin:
• Red color
• Iron containing
• Globin (protein)
• Hematin (iron)
• 14-17 gms/ 100cc
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• Oxyhemoglobin
• red
• arterial
• Reduced hemoglobin
deoxyhemoglobin
venous
purplish red
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TEST OF BLOOD:
A. Physical:
• Solubility
• Saline solution
• Bright red color
• Further exam
LEGAL MEDICINE #3
TEST OF BLOOD:
. Heat test:
• Blood stained
material soaked in
saline solution
• Heated
• Sediments/
precipitates
LEGAL MEDICINE #3
TEST OF BLOOD:
Luminescence:
• Stain on dark fabric
• Emit bluishwhite
luminence
• Dark room
• Spayed special solution
• Reaction to hematin
crystals
LEGAL MEDICINE #3
TEST OF BLOOD:
B. Chemical:
No positive proof of
presence of blood
Indicates stain for
further exam
LEGAL MEDICINE #3
TEST OF BLOOD:
Chemicals:
Benzidine test
Guiacum test
Phenophthalein test
Leuco malachite green
test
Saline plus ammonia
LEGAL MEDICINE #3
TEST OF BLOOD:
Benzadine:
• Filter paper
• 10% benzadine in glacial
acetic acid
• 10 parts of hydrogen
peroxide
• Fresh
• Blue or blue green color
• Also give (+) in other
oxidizing agents
• Negative than positive
LEGAL MEDICINE #3
TEST OF BLOOD:
Guiacum:
• Van deens day’s
• Schombeins test
• Rubbed and press to white
filter paper
• Alcoholic tincture of guiacum
is added
• Hydrogen peroxide or ozonic
ether applied
• Blue
• Potato skin iron rust and
cheese also gives positive
LEGAL MEDICINE #3
TEST OF BLOOD:
Phenolphthalein:
• Kastle-Meyer
• Reagent dropped on
white filter paper
with stained material
• 10 sec after
• Hydrogen peroxide
• Pink color
LEGAL MEDICINE #3
TEST OF BLOOD:
Leuco-Malachite
green:
• Leuco-malachite
green is oxidized to
malachite green
• Bluish green
• Peacock blue color
LEGAL MEDICINE #3
Microscopic:
Micro-chemical test
Spectroscopic
Biologic
LEGAL MEDICINE #3