Welcome!

LECTURE 1
ENS 162 Kinematics of Particles

Engr. Edilvin Walter P. Maghanoy

TODAY
 introduction to dynamics
 rectilinear motion of particles
 position, velocity, and acceleration
 example problems
Dynamics
• In statics you dealt with bodies at rest.
• Dynamics is the part of mechanics that deals
with the analysis of bodies in motion.
• Remember Newton’s laws of motion.

ΣF = 0 ΣF = ma
Statics Dynamics
Dynamics
• Kinematics, which is the study of the geometry
of motion. (position, velocity, acceleration)

• Kinetics, which is the study of the relation

existing between the forces acting on a body,
the mass of the body, and the motion of the
body. (predict motion caused by uneven forces)
Kinematics of a Particle
• Kinematics, which is the study of the geometry
of motion. (position, velocity, acceleration)
• particle does not mean corpuscle…
• It means no matter what size an object is, in
kinematics disregard it in the analysis of motion.
• Rectilinear motion
• Curvilinear motion
Rectilinear Motion
• A particle moving in a straight line.
• At any given instant t, the particle will occupy a
certain position on the straight line.
• Position, Velocity, Acceleration
Position
• O is the origin, P and P’ is the final position.
• Remember to indicate the negative or positive
sign for the position.
• Be careful to use the correct unit of
Measurement

+5 m
Velocity

• Now, the particle moves…

• The average velocity is defined as:

• But what if you want to find its velocity at a

specified time? (instantaneous velocity)
ACCELERATION

• When the velocity is not constant..

• The average velocity is defined as:

• But what if you want to find its acceleration at a

specified time? (instantaneous acceleration)
ACCELERATION

Velocity increases
ACCELERATING

Velocity decreases
DECELERATING
Remember these basic formulas:

• Position: x

𝑑𝑥
• Velocity: 𝑉 𝑖𝑛𝑠 =
𝑑𝑡

𝛥𝑣 𝑑𝑣
• Acceleration: 𝑎 𝑎𝑣𝑒=
𝛥𝑡
𝑉 𝑖𝑛𝑠 =
𝑑𝑡
EXAMPLE NO. 1
Consider a particle moving in a straight line and assume
that its position is defined by the equation Find the velocity
and acceleration. Create a table for x-t,v-t, and a-t and plot
these results.
EXAMPLE NO. 2
EXAMPLE NO. 3
What if the motion of the particle is not defined by the relationship of x
and t?
EXAMPLE NO. 4
What if the motion of the particle is not defined by the relationship of x
and t?
Welcome! LECTURE 2
ENS 162 Kinematics of Particles

Engr. Edilvin Walter P. Maghanoy

TODAY
 Uniform Rectilinear Motion
 Uniformly Accelerated Rectilinear Motion
 Motion of Several Particles
 Example problems
 Uniform Rectilinear Motion
• It is a type of straight-line motion which is
frequently encountered in practical
applications.
• The acceleration a of the particle is zero for
every value of t.

This equation can be used only if the velocity of the particle is known to be constant.
 Uniformly Accelerated
• In this motion, the acceleration a of the particle
is constant.

Remember,
Uniform Rectilinear motion and uniformly
acceleration motion important equations:

Constant velocity

Constant acceleration

Tip: Practice deriving this

equations, to understand when
and how you can use them to
solve problems.
Example No. 4
Example No. 5
Motion Of Several Particles
• When several particles move independently
along the same line, independent equations of
motion can be written for each particle.
 Relative motion of two particles

• Consider two particles A and B moving along the same

straight line

Relative position of
B with respect to A

Relative velocity of
B with respect to A

Relative acceleration
of B with respect to A
Example No. 6
 Dependent Motions

• Sometimes, the position of a particle will depend upon

the position of another particle or of several other
particles.
Example No. 7
Derive the equation for position, velocity, and acceleration.
Example No. 8
Derive the equation for position,
velocity, and acceleration.
Example No. 9
In this pulley system, block A is moving
downward with a speed of 4 ft/s while block C
is moving up at 2 ft/s. Find the velocity of block
B.
Example No. 10