“Multisource Wireless Energy Harvesting-based

Medium Access Control for Rechargeable

Sensors”
Presented by:
Muhammad Taseer ul Islam
MS (T&N) – 3rd

Presented to:
Dr. Rizwan & class
 Outline
General Overview Paper Explanation
Wireless Sensor Related Work
Networks Research Questions
Wireless Power Transfer
System Model
WPT efficiency
FARMAC Design
WPT Market
Six Stages
WPT Applications
Message Exchange
Wireless Rechargeable
Performance Evaluation
Sensor Networks
Conclusion
Charging in WRSNs
Future work
Sensor’s categories
03/06/2024
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 WSN to WRSN:
Wireless Sensors Network is highly energy driven network.
General Overview

Wireless Power Transfer:

The transmission of energy from one place to another without using
wires.
 Wireless power transfer efficiency:
 Industry achieved 75% of efficiency for transferring a 60W wirelessly
from a distance of three meters. [1]
 Wireless Rechargeable Sensor Networks (WRSNs).
 It aims to wirelessly transfer power to end device.
 Transmitter emits radio-frequency (RF) waves to energise sensor
nodes.

3 [1] Cong Wang, Ji Li, and Yuanyuan yang, “Wireless rechargeable sensor networks – 03/06/2024
current status and future trends,” Journal of communications, vol. 10, no. 9, pp. 696-
 WRSN:
 Wireless power transfer market:
General Overview

 Current wireless power transfer market is USD 8.67 billion.

 Wireless power transmission market is expected to be worth USD
11.27 billion by 2022. [2]

 WPT Applications:

4 [2] “Wireless Power Transmission Market 2017”, 03/06/2024

https://www.marketsandmarkets.com/PressReleases/wireless-power-transmission.asp
 Charging in WRSNs:
1. Intensive energy harvesting:
General Overview

Sensors converts RF signals into DC.

i. Electromagnetic radiations: ii. Magnetic resonant
For Short range. coupling:
For mid and long
range.

2. Non-intensive energy harvesting.

 Requires to install external instruments like solar panel and wind
turbine.

5 [1] Cong Wang, Ji Li, and Yuanyuan yang, “Wireless rechargeable sensor networks – 03/06/2024
current status and future trends,” Journal of communications, vol. 10, no. 9, pp. 696-
 Sensor’s Categories:
1. Lethargic Sensor Devices (LSDs):
General Overview

o Which needs energy replenishment from the sink nodes

before conveying its data.

2. Energetic Sensor Devices (ESDs):
o Which have sufficient energy to directly conduct data

transmission.

[3] C. Shao, H. Roh, T. Kim, and W. Lee, “Multisource Wireless Energy Harvesting-
6 based Medium Access Control for Rechargeable Sensors”, IEEE Transactions on 03/06/2024
Consumer Electronics, Volume: 62, Issue: 2, May 2016
 Paper Explanation
[3] C. Shao, H. Roh, T. Kim, and W. Lee, “Multisource Wireless
Energy Harvesting-based Medium Access Control for Rechargeable
Sensors”, IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, Volume:
62, Issue: 2, May 2016

7 03/06/2024
 Related Work:
Paper Explanation

• Wireless Power Transfer

• Data Collection in RFID Environment
• Concurrent WPT and Data Collection

8 03/06/2024
 Related Work:
Collaborative Mobile Charging:
Paper Explanation

Mobile chargers

 Improves obtained energy by sensors.

 Reduces energy consumed by chargers’ travelling. and energy
loss during charging.
Disadvantage:
 Mobile chargers are not capable to collect data from sensor nodes.
 Infeasible in some scenarios.
9 [4] S. Zhang, J. Wu, and S. Lu, “Collaborative mobile charging,” IEEE Trans. Comput., vol. 64, no. 3, 03/06/2024
pp. 654-667, Mar. 2015.
 Related Work:
Hierarchical collaborative wireless charging:
Paper Explanation

Special Chargers can charge Mobile Chargers.

Disadvantages: Special
Chargers
 Only sink node can perform
data gathering process.
 Infeasible in some
scenarios.

10 [5] A. Madhja, S. Nikoletseas, and T. Raptis, “Hierarchical, collaborative wireless charging 03/06/2024
in sensor
networks,” in IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), pp. 1285– 1290
 Research Questions:
1. How to fully utilize the SKs for highly efficient WPT
Paper Explanation

(i.e., reducing the total sensor charging time to the

greatest extent)?
2. Is it possible to transfer power to several sensor
devices and collect data from others concurrently so
as to boost network throughput?

11 03/06/2024
 System Model:
Paper Explanation

12 03/06/2024
 Block Diagram:
FarMac
Paper Explanation

Protocol

Stage 2: Power
Stage 1: Channel Stage 3:Charging Time
Transfer Sink Node
Access for LSDs. Determination
Allocation
(SYNC, EQ, ER, ERC) (CT, ACKE)
(EV)

Stage 6: Data Stage 5: Concurrent

Transmission WPT & Data Collection Stage 4:Channel
Termination (SYNC, ENERGY, Access for ESDs
(ACK) ACK) (DQ, DR, DRC)

13 03/06/2024
 Performance Evaluation:
• The ratio of
Paper Explanation

throughput
improvement via
FarMac is 29% on
average.
• Figure confirm
that the increasing
of Proportion of
LSDs induces
throughput
Varying N(SK) and Proportion of LSDs ( N(node) = 500 )
degradation of
FarMac,
14 03/06/2024
 Performance Evaluation:
The maximum
Paper Explanation

throughput (41%)
appears under the
conditions of
N(SK) = 250 ,
N(node) = 100 ,
and
Proportion of LSDs =
0.6,
where the achieved
Varying N(SK) and N(node) (Proportion of LSDs = 0.6 )
network throughput of

15
FarMac and NaFarm are
03/06/2024
135 kbps and 95.7 kbps,
 Conclusion:
FarMAC Achieves:
Paper Explanation

Centralized power transfer SK allocation.

Distributed charging time determination
Sleeping time adaptation
Interference cancellation
Concurrent WPT and data collection.
Guarantee the network resilience without network
throughput degradation.

16 03/06/2024
 Future Work:
Total data collection latency via FarMac is
Paper Explanation

dramatically extended when the ratio approximately

becomes greater than 4.5.

Time vs. N(node) ( N(SK) = 200; LSDs Proportion =0.6 )

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 Reference
1. Cong Wang, Ji Li, and Yuanyuan yang, “Wireless rechargeable
sensor networks – current status and future trends,” Journal of
communications, vol. 10, no. 9, pp. 696-706, Sep. 2015
2. “Wireless Power Transmission Market 2017”,
https://www.marketsandmarkets.com/PressReleases/wireless-pow
er-transmission.asp
3. C. Shao, H. Roh, T. Kim, and W. Lee, “Multisource Wireless
Energy Harvesting-based Medium Access Control for
Rechargeable Sensors”, IEEE Transactions on Consumer
Electronics, Volume: 62, Issue: 2, May 2016
4. S. Zhang, J. Wu, and S. Lu, “Collaborative mobile charging,”
IEEE Trans. Comput., vol. 64, no. 3, pp. 654-667, Mar. 2015.
5. A. Madhja, S. Nikoletseas, and T. Raptis, “Hierarchical,
collaborative wireless charging in sensor
18 03/06/2024
 Thank you…!

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