Latitudes and

Longitudes
Learning Objectives-
1. To learn how to use globes and maps to locate
places. .

2. To learn how to locate precise points on the Earth’s

surface.
3. To learn how to calculate time.
4. To understand how countries determine their time
zones.
There are some lines drawn on maps and globes.
These are known as imaginary lines.

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The Parallels of Latitudes
1. Lines that run from east to
west are known as
latitudes.
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2. They encircle the Earth
horizontally.

3. There are 180 lines of

latitudes.
(90 North + 90South=180)
 The Equator is the
largest circle of all.

It is the 0 degree latitude.

Since latitudes run parallel to each other

they are also called the parallels of
latitudes.
The Five major latitudes
The Arctic Circle -66 ½°
N
The Tropic of Cancer-23 ½°
N
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The Tropic
The Equator-0°
of Capricorn-
23½° S
The Antarctic Circle -66½°
S
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The Equator divides the
Earth into two
hemispheres.
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The northern
hemisphere and
the southern hemisphere
Which hemisphere do we live in?
 Longitudes or the Meridians
1. Longitudes are imaginary
lines that run from the
North Pole to South Pole.
2. They are semicircular in
shape.
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3. There are 360 longitudes in
total.
(180 in the Eastern
hemisphere and 180 in the
western hemisphere)
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 Longitudes or the Meridians
The Prime Meridian is the
0 degree meridian.

It passes through the Royal

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Observatory of Greenwich near
London.
 The prime meridian divides the Earth into
western and southern hemispheres

Name the the continents that

lie in the western hemisphere.
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Which hemisphere do we live

in?
We must know that the difference
between two consecutive
longitudes is of
4 minutes.

4 minutes per longitude are added 15

to places located to the east from
the Prime Meridian.

4 minutes per longitude are

deducted from places located to
the west of the Prime Meridian.
International Date Line
Another important longitude is
the International Date Line.
(IDL)

It marks the difference of dates

between the eastern and western 16
hemispheres.

We gain a day when we travel to

the east of the IDL.

We lose a day when we cross to

the west of the IDL .
International Date Line is not a straight line as it is
drawn for the convenience of the countries that lie in the Pacific
Ocean.

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 How to find the coordinates of a place?

We must know the

degree of latitudes and
longitudes to locate
places on globes and
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maps.

Example- Location G
is 30 degree south and
0 degree.
rotates through 360 degrees in 24 hours. (15 degrees in 1
hour)
USA has 11 time zones,
Russia has 9 time
zones,

China and India with

enormous latitudinal
scope has only 1 time
zone.

France is divided into 19

26 regions.
Find out how many
time zones does it
have?
 How to calculate time?

Always remember

East of GMT -Add time 20

(Ahead of GMT)

West of GMT- Subtract time

(Behind GMT)
There are 24 time zones in
the world. (360/15=24)

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Standard time of any country is decided with
reference to the time at GMT (the Prime
Meridian).

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Standard time of India - 5 hours 30 minutes ahead of GMT

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Longitudinal extension of India -

The latitudinal extension of

India is 68 degree East to
97 degree East

Which is 68+97=165
165 / 2 = 82.5

The Central Meridian of India

is 82. 5 degree East.
It is Indian Standard
Time or IST
 Activity - answer
Calculate the time at location A and B when it is 12 pm at Prime
Meridian.

Location A- 1 degree East to the Prime Meridian - ?

Location B- 1 degree West to the Prime Meridian - ?
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What will be the time at location A and B when it is 12 pm at

Prime Meridian.

Location A- 15 degree East to the Prime Meridian- ?

Location B- 15 degree West to the Prime Meridian - ?
 Activity - answer
Calculate the time at location A and B when it is 12 pm at Prime
Meridian.

Location A- 1 degree East to the Prime Meridian - 12:04 pm

Location B- 1 degree West to the Prime Meridian - 11:56 am
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What will be the time at location A and B when it is 12 pm at

Prime Meridian.

Location A- 15 degree East to the Prime Meridian- 1 pm

Location B- 15 degree West to the Prime Meridian - 11 am
 Task-2
Observe the world map and answer the questions.
1. Name the major latitude that passes through India.
2. Name the major latitude that passes through
Australia. 29

3. Name the major latitude that passes through

Greenland.
4. Name the major latitude that encircles Antarctica.
Task - 3
Answer the following questions.

1. What are latitudes?

2. What do you know about longitudes?
3. What is a grid? 30

4. What is the time difference between two consecutive

longitudes?
5. What is the function of the International Date Line?
6. Name the five major latitudes.
7. Name the two major longitudes.