HISTORICAL OVERVIEW

OF COMMUNICATIONS
Lesson 2
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 OVERVIEW

Communication began as drawing on wall of caves, carving

on bark of trees, and later on, papyrus and parchment.
Each of these illustrated man’s capacity and desire to interact,
link up and build connections.
As population increased, people become more dispersed and
settlements were built, mostly in areas where they can find
food. These developments altered how people communicated
with one another, how people passed on information across
diverse and dispersed group of people.
 OVERVIEW
Institutions emerged and became sites whereby knowledge is
communicated, and conduits whereby communication is
transmitted.
The Roman Catholic Church is a fine example of a social
institution that vigorously and aggressively transmitted ideas
through sacred scriptures, and used its churches and
missionaries as the channels by which the teaching of the bible
were disseminated.
 FROM PAPYRUS TO PAPER
It was the Christians who invented the codex around AD 100, a
document which can be rightfully referred to as the prototype of a book.
Papyrus pages facing one another were around together instead of rolled
up for easy reading
By the 15th century, a revolution in printing took place.
Johann Gutenberg invented the printing technology that would
eventually be called the movable type machine.
The bible was one of Gutenberg earliest and most famous creating.
 FROM PAPYRUS TO PAPER
Scholars say that around 1500, printing presses have been
established in 242 cities across various countries, mostly in
Western Europe.
The printed materials that Europeans saw and became part of
their lives radically altered the church, science, arts, and
politics, accelerating developments that would see its pinnacle
in the industrial revolution of the 17 th century.
 FROM PAPYRUS TO PAPER

The first book printed in the Philippines is believed to

be Doctrina Cristiana, a treatise on the teaching of the
Roman Catholic Church, written by Fray Juan Plasecia,
an Augustinian priest.
 NATION-STATES AND THE RISE OF
NEWSPAPERS
Gutenberg printing press made it possible for
newspapers to be produced.
It was in England that the first newspaper was
reportedly produced.
The ruling monarchs were apprehensive about
newspapers and thus restricted their production.
 NATION-STATES AND THE RISE OF
NEWSPAPERS
In the late 1600s England monarchy was subsumed under a
parliament, and controlling need to accelerate its commerce
and naval activities made newspapers a regular feature in the
country.
By 1700, the idea of a free press, independent from the control
of the government, emerged as a strong rhetoric against
authoritarian states.
 NATION-STATES AND THE RISE OF
NEWSPAPERS
McQuail cites that the newspaper is a more significant innovation than
the book.
He also cites the following defining features of a newspaper:
a. regular appearance
b. commercial circulation
c. serving multiple purposes (information, education, entertainment,
advertising, diversion, and even gossip)
 NATION-STATES AND THE RISE OF
NEWSPAPERS
Turrow notes the rise of an adversarial press, defined as a press that had
the ability to conduct dialogue and even with the government.
Turrow further notes that it was triggered by the imposition of taxes on
paper by the British empire, so it could generate the much-needed
revenues to finance its wars during the 1760s and the 1770s.
The incomes of the printers were severely affected by this development,
so they openly denounced this colonial policy of taxation.
 NATION-STATES AND THE RISE OF
NEWSPAPERS
In the Philippines, the rise of the newspapers came about in the first
decades of the 19th century.
In December 1, 1846, La Esperanza, the first daily newspaper, was
published in the country.
Other newspapers were Diario de Manila and Boletin Oficial de
Filipinas.
One of the most popular newspaper in the history is La Solidaridad,
which was publish in Spain in 1889 and was actively used to campaign
for reforms for the Philippines.
 NATION-STATES AND THE RISE OF
NEWSPAPERS
 in January 18, 1896, the katipuneros published Ang Kalayaan as the
official revolutionary newspapers of KKK.
Today, the newspaper as a medium has evolved with the rise of the
internet and digital technology. While the broadsheet and tabloid formats
still exist, new agencies have turned to the web as another platform for
newspaper publications and have generate a new business model for the
industry.
Reading habits have also changed dramatically. Readers of online
newspapers tend to consume the news at most time of the day.
 FROM STATIC TO MOVING
IMAGES
George Eastman invented the film and built a company
that would be known as Kodak.
But it was Thomas Edison and his assistant, William
Dickson, who turned the use of the photographic film
into a material that can be moved in front of a lens at a
constant speed to result into several photographs.
 FROM STATIC TO MOVING
IMAGES
Two Frenchmen, Louis and Augusto Lumiere,
further developed the technology of film
projectors.
Edison would still improve the technology
developed by the Lumiere brothers with large
screen projecting.
 FROM STATIC TO MOVING
IMAGES
Radio and television followed very closely. By 1907, the
word television was already used in a magazine called the
Scientific American.
By 1928, the first telecast of a television program took place.
By 1930, the radio corporation of America introduced
electronic scanning, a much improved technology from the
mechanical scanning.
 THE RISE OF NEW MEDIA
The term traditional media has become synonymous with the seven
most common forms of media – books, newspapers, magazine, sound
recording, radio, television, and film.
The invention of the transistor radio in 1948 signaled the development
of semi-conductor devices, considered the foundation of modern
electronics.
By 1953, IBM has already shipped its first electronic computers called
701 in the industry.
 THE RISE OF NEW MEDIA
By 1969, the ARPANET was created and considered as the predecessor
of the internet. It was a large area-wide network created by the US
Military.
By 1971 ARPANET changed to INTERNET to serve more purposes.
The internet enable the development and the unabated growth of the
new media because it democratized the platform for creating, producing
and disseminating information.
 THE RISE OF NEW MEDIA

March 29, 1994 the free and open World Wide

Web was launched in the Philippines.
In the same day when the Philippines was
formally connected to the internet, using the PLDT
network center in Makati City.
 NEW
(INFORMATION)
AGE

ELECTRONI
C AGE

INDUSTRIA
L AGE

PREHISTORI
C AGE
THANK YOU FOR
LISTENING!
 GROUP ACTIVITY

S= strength
W= weakness
O= opportunities
T= threats
 SUMMARY & REFLECTION

In ½ sheet of paper. Summarize what you

have learn in this lesson in three to five
sentences. Provide three sentences for your
reflection or opinion.