NATURE OF

MATHEMATICS Math 16
Mathematics in the
AND PROBLEM Modern World
MATHEMATICAL PHRASES
It is not enough that we know how to find the solution
set or solve for the simplest equivalent equation. We
must be able to apply this knowledge in problem
solving. In problem solving, we need to convert
English expressions to mathematical expressions to
form the equation.
 MATHEMATICAL PHRASES
English Expressions Mathematical expressions

Two more than 6 6 +2

Six less than a number x 𝑥 −6
Three more than twice a number n 2 n+ 3
Six less a number x 6−𝑥
Five less than twice a number y 2 𝑦 −5
Two more than 6 is four less than a number x 6 +2=𝑥 − 4
 MATHEMATICAL PHRASES
English Expressions Mathematical expressions

Three less than p 𝑝−3

Five less than negative eight − 8 −5
Ten more than twice a number is negative twenty 2 n+10=− 20
One –eight of x less 20 is sixteen 1
𝑥 − 20=16
8
Ten less than thrice x is five 3 𝑥 −10=5
 NUMBER RELATED PROBLEMS
1. Find three consecutive integers whose sum is 87.
Answer: 28,29,30
2. The sum of 5 times a number and 8 is 48. Find the number.
Answer:8
3.) Separate 144 into two parts such that one part shall be 3/5 the other part.
Find the numbers.
Answer: 90,54
 NUMBER RELATED PROBLEMS
4.) One number is four less than twice another number. If the smaller number is
divided by 2 and the larger number by 3, the sum of the quotients is 8. What are
the numbers?
Answer: 8,12
5.) One half a certain number added to one third the next consecutive number
is 22. Find the numbers.
Answer: 26,27
6.) The sum of the digits of a certain two digit number is 15 while the product
is 56. Find the number.
Answer:78 or 87
 AGE PROBLEMS
1. Maria is 12 years old. The sum of the ages of Maria and John is 60. How old
is John?
Answer: 48
2. Mary is 11 years old. The sum of the ages of Mary and Tiffany is 17. How
old is Tiffany? Answer: 6

3. Arman is 41 years old and Diya is 9. In how many years will Arman be
three times as old as Diya? Answer: 7
4. The sum of the ages of the 2 brothers is 20. In 5 years, one is twice the other.
Find the present ages of the 2 brothers.
Answer: 5,15
 AGE PROBLEMS
5. Dan is 15 years older than her sister Marge. Six years ago, Dan was six
times as old as Marge. Find their present ages.
Answer: 9,24
6. Nine years from now, Jack will be three times as old as he was eleven years
ago. How old is he now?
Answer: 21
7. In thirty years, Paul will be 8 times as old as he was 12 years ago. How old
is he now?
Answer: 18
 WORK PROBLEMS
1. Paul can complete an inventory in 2 hours. Alia can complete the same
inventory in 3 hours. If they work together, how long will it take to complete
one inventory? Answer: 1.2 hrs
2. A cold-water pipe can fill a swimming pool in 10 hours, and a hot-water pipe
can fill the pool in 15 hours. How long will it take to fill the pool if both pipes
are left open? Answer: 6

3. James can do a piece of work in 10 days. After he has work two days Emman
came to help him and together they finish it in 3 days. In how many days can
Emman do the work alone? Answer: 6
 WORK PROBLEMS
4. One person can clean the house in 5 hours. If a second person helps to clean the
house the job can be done in 2 hours. How long should it take the second person to
clean the house?
Answer: 3.33 hrs
5. A tank can be filled by two pipes separately in 10 and 15 minutes respectively.
When the third pipe is used simultaneously with the first two pipes, the tank can be
filled in 4 minutes. How long would it take for the third pipe alone to fill the tank?

Answer: 12 mins
6. An inlet pipe can fill a barrel of vinegar in 8 hours and an outlet pipe can empty it in
12 hours. How long will it take to fill the barrel if both pipes are left open?
Answer: 24 hrs
 MIXTURE PROBLEMS
1. Mike has coffee worth $4 per pound that he wishes to mix with 20 pounds of
coffee worth $7 per pound to get a mixture that can be sold for $5 per pound.
How many pounds of the cheaper coffee should he use?
Answer: 40 pounds

2. A consumer goods manufacturer wanted to blend two grades of coffee, one

costing 1.50 per kg, the other is 200 kg Costing P1.90 per kg to be sold off at
P1.60 per kg. How much coffee costing P1.50 per kg would be needed?

Answer: 600 kg
 MIXTURE PROBLEMS
3. Frank wants to mix 8 liters of a 4% KCl solution with some 70% KCl
solution to get a 50% KCl solution. How much of the 70% solution needs to be
used? Answer: 18.4 L

4. How much pure alcohol must be added to 30 gallons of a 20% solution of

alcohol to produce 35% solution?
Answer: 6.92 gal
5. How much water must be added to 5 quarts of an 80% antifreeze mix to
dilute it down to a 50% mix?
Answer: 3 quartz