Datacom Training

IP Fundamentals

February 2024
 Datacom Training - IP Fundamentals

Topics to be covered

VLANs
Subnet Mask
Subnetting
 Datacom Training - IP Fundamentals

VLANs
What is the purpose of VLANs
• Broadcast control is the main purpose of vlans
• Other purpose of creating vlans
>VLANs provide network security
>VLANs provide network segmentation
>VLANs provide flexibility – a user can easily move across the physical location and still remain
in the same vlan

What are Access ports and Trunk ports

 Access ports carry single vlan traffic, i.e access ports are members of only one vlan
 Trunk ports carry multiple vlans traffic
 By deafault all vlans are allowed on the trunk. But we can manually allow or disallow
certain vlans on the trunk
Datacom Training - IP Fundamentals
Datacom Training - IP Fundamentals
 Datacom Training – IP Fundamentals

What is meant by inte-vlan routing?

 Hosts can communicate with other hosts in the same vlan
 When hosts from one vlan want to communicate with hosts in other vlans the traffic must
be routed between them. This is known as inter-vlan routing
 Inter-Vlan routing can be achieved by creating SVI or using Router-on Stick

What is IEEE802.1Q?
 To achieve trunking on trunk ports we need IEEE802.1Q (dot1q). Dot1q is an industry
standard
 In dot1q - a 4 byte tag is inserted into the frame. The original frame is modified and CRC is
recalculated
 In dot1q the native vlan frames go untagged
 Datacom Training - IP Fundamentals

What is the range of vlans

 Vlans range from 0 – 4096
 Vlans 0 and 4096 are reserved
 1 – default vlan
 2 – 1001 normal vlan range
 1002 – 1005 reserved for token ring and FDDI vlans
 1006 – 4095 Extended vlan range. Used by service providers to allow provisioning of new
customer
 Datacom Training - IP Fundamentals

Subnet Mask
 An IP Address is an identifier for a computer or device on a network
 Two versions – IPv4 and IPv6
 IPv4 – 32 bit numeric address written as 4 numbers separated by periods e.g
192.168.1.0. Each group of numbers is called an octet.
 An IP address consists of two parts: Network Address and Host Address
 Datacom Training - IP Fundamentals

Subnet Mask
 A Subnet Mask is a number that resembles an IP address. It reveals how many bits in
the IP address are used for the network by masking the network portion of the IP
address
 Datacom Training - IP Fundamentals

Subnet Mask
 Datacom Training - IP Fundamentals

Subnet Mask
 Datacom Training - IP Fundamentals

Subnet Mask
 Datacom Training - IP Fundamentals

Subnet Mask
 Datacom Training - IP Fundamentals

Subnet Mask
 Datacom Training - IP Fundamentals

Subnet Mask
 Datacom Training - IP Fundamentals

Subnet Mask

Networks can be logically broken down into smaller networks, which is known as
subnetting.
 Datacom Training - IP Fundamentals

Subnet Mask
 Subnetting.
 Datacom Training - IP Fundamentals

Subnet Mask
 subnetting.
 Datacom Training - IP Fundamentals

Subnet Mask
 subnetting.
 Datacom Training - IP Fundamentals

Subnet Mask
 subnetting.
 Datacom Training - IP Fundamentals

Subnet Mask
(Classless Inter-Domain Routing) CIDR
 Datacom Training - IP Fundamentals

Subnet Mask
(Classless Inter-Domain Routing) CIDR
 Datacom Training - IP Fundamentals

Subnet Mask
(Classless Inter-Domain Routing) CIDR
 Datacom Training - IP Fundamentals

Subnet Mask
(Classless Inter-Domain Routing) CIDR
Thank You