BANGALORE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

K R ROAD, VV Puram, Bangalore – 560004

2023-2024

PRESENTATION ON :
A STUDY ON PROPERTIES OF CONTROLLED LOW STRENGTH
CONCRETE

PRESENTED BY: UNDER THE GUIDENCE OF:

DEEPAK C 1BI21CV410
MALLIKARJUNA K
DHANUSH R 1BI21CV412
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
SHASHI KUMAR R 1BI21CV458
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
YASHODHARA M 1BI21CV480
BANGALORE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

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INTRODUCTION:
• Controlled low-strength concrete(CLSC) is known as a self-leveling and self-
compacting cementitious backfill material used for backfilling.
• The aim of this paper is to give an overview of the research development and
practical application of CLSC for trench backfilling.
• It is also demonstrated that use of high volume by-products or/and waste
materials.
• It is an effective way to control the low strength requirement of CLSC and
minimize the environmental concerns.

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• Normally after making the trench the same material is backfilled or even if new
materials brought the strict control on quality is not maintained for being a small
quantity.
• The highly flow able material fill all voids and uneven side, this gives additional
support.

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LITERATURE SURVEY

 United States of America

CLSC was first introduced in the United States of America (USA), as an
alternative for traditional soil backfilling. In the USA, this material was
particularly used for backfilling abutments, retaining walls, filling up abandoned
pipelines and utility vaults, cavities, settled areas, as well as large voids such as
old tunnels and sewers. Although most of the States in the USA had limited
experience on the use of CLSC in the early 1970s, for many years the material
performed satisfactorily with little or no reported problems.

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 Anil Jadhav, Pramod Bongirwar, R.R.Raut, D.P.Patil, (2021)
“Controlled low strength concrete(CLSC) as Robust backfill material”
research is carried out to solve the problems (fiber optical line, natural gas lines
the linear and cross excavation along road have also increased) by developing a
robust materials. The main focus was to develop concrete with flow ability
which is used for backfill. They got an average compressive strength of 3.43Mpa
and in the field tests, CLSC was hardened enough to bear the load of human
which satisfied the design considerations of setting within 6 hours and avoided
the practical problems of citizen interference.

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 Tan Manh Do and Young-sang Kim (2020)
“Engineering properties of controlled low strength
concrete(CLSC) incorporating red mud”, This study is to evaluate the feasibility of
incorporating red mud as a partial replacement for Portland cement into a
controlled low-strength concrete (CLSC) made by industrial by- products (e.g.,
ponded ash and fly ash). For other mix proportions, red mud was substituted for
Portland cement in amounts of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 % by weight. The partial
replacement of cement by red mud, possibly up to 30 % in mixtures, would reduce
flowability and slightly increase corrosively evidenced by pH but still meet the
requirements. It was found that an increase in red mud content could lead to an
improvement in the stability (bleeding rate) and accelerate the setting process on
the performances of the proposed CLSC. Finally, with regard to strength at 28
days, CLSC with highest strength could be produced by an optimum replacement
of 15 % red mud to cement. In overall, it is worth noting that red mud could be
feasible and potential in use as a partial replacement to Portland cement in CLSC
production. 6
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PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION:
• Strength limitations: CLSC has low compressive strength compared to traditional
concrete.
• Material uniformity: Achieving consistent material properties throughout the
mixture can be challenging.
• Settlement: CLSC may experience long term settlement, especially if not properly
designed or if there are variation in material properties.
• Limited structural use: CLSC is generally not suitable for structural applications
where high strength and load bearing capacity are required.

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OBJECTIVES:
• To study the mix design proportion in CLSC.
• To study the fresh properties of CLSC.
• To study the hardened properties of CLSC.
• To study the optimum percentage of cementitious material and chemical
admixture.

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APPLICATIONS:
• Backfills:
The Ease of placing CLSC in restricted places without compaction facilitates the
reduction in trench width or excavation. CLSC can be placed in layers, allowing
each layer to harden prior to placing the next layer.
• Structural Fills:
CLSC with higher strength can be produced to act as structural fills, in case of BC
soil it can distribute structures load on greater area. CLSC can provide a uniform
and level surface for uneven sub-grades under foundation footings and slabs.

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• Utilities Bedding:
CLSC provides an excellent bedding material for pipe, electrical,
telephone, and other types of conduits. The flow able characteristic of the material
allows the CLSC to fill voids beneath the conduit and provide a uniform support.
• Erosion Control:
CLSC can be used in riprap for embankment protection and in
spilling basins below dam spillways, to hold rock pieces in place and resist erosion.
CLSC is used to fill flexible fabric mattresses placed along embankments for erosion
protection, thereby increasing their strength and weight.
• Void filling:
Tunnel shafts and sewers filling abandoned tunnels and sewers, it is
important to use a flow able mixture. A constant supply of CLSC will help keep the
material flowing and make it flow greater distances.
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REFERENCES
• ACI 229R-13: Report on controlled low-strength materials, ACI Committee 229,
American Concrete Institute (ACI), Farmington Hills, MI; 2013.
• J.L. Hitch, Test methods for controlled low-strength material (CLSM): past,
present, and future, The Design and Application of Controlled Low-Strength
Materials (Flowable Fill), ASTM STP 1331, A. K. Howard and J. L. Hitch, Eds.,
American Society for Testing and Materials, 1998, p.3-10.
• P.Tikalsky, M. Gaffney, R. Regan, Properties of controlled low strength material
containing foundry sand, ACI Mater. J. 97(6) (2000) 698–702.
• D. Trejo, K.J. Folliard, L. Du. Sustainable development using controlled low-
strength material. In: Proceedings of International Workshop on Sustainable
Development and Concrete Technology, Beijing, China, 2004, p. 231–250.
• R. Janardhanam, F. Burns, R. D. Peindl, Mix design for flow able fly-ash backfill
material, J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 4(3) (1992) 252-263. 12
THANK YOU

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