DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN OPTICAL

SMOKE DETECTOR SYSTEM

BY

ISHAYA STEPHEN GYANI

2018/1/74751EE
 INTRODUCTON
A smoke detector is a device that detects smoke, typically as an indicator of fire.
Commercial, industrial, and mass residential devices issue a signal to a fire alarm
system, while household detectors, known as smoke alarms, generally issue a local
audible alarm from the detector itself.
A smoke detector's purpose is a simple one, to give you ample notification in
case of a fire in your house. Without a smoke detector, by the time you realize that
there is a fire, your house could be so badly engulfed that you cannot find a safe
exit or the smoke can be so overwhelming that you suffocate trying to get out.
Smoke inhalation is the primary cause of death in victims of indoor fires. Thus,
awareness and consciousness of the importance of smoke detection system must
be planted on people's mind.
 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
The overall aim of this project is to successfully design and implement an optical
based smoke detector system that will continuously monitor the presence of
significant amount of smoke and activate an alarm to prompt a safety measure to
contain the situation.
 COMPONENTS USED

• Light Dependent Resistor

• Light Emitting Diode
• Transistor C1815Y
• Transistor BC547
• 3-Terminal 1A Positive Voltage Regulator
• Siren
WORKING PRINCIPLES OF A SMOKE DETECTOR SYSTEM
Photoelectric sensors generate a beam of light focused on a light-sensitive cell,
enclosed in the alarm. If the light beam is interrupted from smoke entering the
detector, the alarm goes off. Ionization sensors work by having a small piece of
radioactive material create an electric current between two plates. If smoke or hot
air enters the chamber, the reaction is changed and the current is disrupted,
causing the alarm to go off. Photoelectric smoke detectors work best with slow,
smoky fires and ionization detectors work best with quick, hot fires.
POWER SUPPLY CIRCUIT
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
 RESULTS

The present paper offers a response for maintaining a strategic distance from
such disasters by checking the structure yet likewise talking about the proportional
with IoT framework to kill the fire delivering operators and the chief control if there
ought to emerge from an event of a spillage.
Additionally, it establishes a caution similarly as establishes a connection with the
authorities. Further progress can be by abstaining from concealing sensors which
will have the choice to identify the territory reliant on concealing coding. At the
point when the temperature and gas are distinguished, the IoTbased alarm
produces the alarm sound and it tends to be checked by utilizing an IoT server and
a few sensor esteems are recognized it will be introduced on the web through the
web of things
 CONCLUSION

The developed prototype in this work is made for a user to control the fire alarm
system remotely. This helps the user if he/she is not in the building or even
unaware of an emergency condition. The use of this prototype will avoid
unpredictable situations or any critical situations from occurring in the residential
areas without the awareness of the resident.
The home alert system is observed to be functional by triggering the fire
extinguisher. The use of a coupled sensor of temperature sensor and the smoke
detector was found to be more appropriate than the use of only one of them.
Though the prototype was able to extinguish the fire the portability can be
significantly improved by efficient assimilation of the different modules. This
system should also take care that each module of it can be easily replaced by a
better sensor and equipment with updated technology.
THANK YOU