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Chapter 3understanding Human Development-1
Chapter 3understanding Human Development-1
Human
Development
The Learner
STARTING POINT
When you see this, write the info from the slide. If you
don’t see this, it’s a discussion slide and you write only
what you need to for remembering.
If something is
highlighted, copy it!
The principle goal of education in the
schools should be creating men and
women who are capable of doing new
things, not simply repeating what
other generations have done.
Jean Piaget
Read more athttp://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/authors/j/jean_piaget.html#Zf2elCv2XfSt9af1.99
Bandura
Vygotsky Erikson
Human
Growth
Skinner
Philosophers Kohlberg
Piaget Pavlov
PART ONE
~
STAGES OF
DEVELOPMENT
Human Growth & Development
LIFE is a process of growth and development.
Social
Emotional
Areas of Development
Physical Development
Physical development is advancement in physical abilities.
Newborn
Random Standing
Newborn Rolling over Crawling Taking steps Walking Running Toddler
Movements upright
Areas of Development
Cognitive Development
• Processes involving thought and knowledge are called cognition.
• Thinking has many forms:
• You know your phone number…
• You sense what is happening around you…
• You memorize facts for a test…
• You organize thoughts to write a paragraph…
• The way people change and improve in their ability to think and
learn is called intellectual development, or cognitive
development.
Areas of Development
Cognitive Development
• Cognitive abilities, intellectual abilities, gradually increase.
• Consider your 1st grade math skills compared to your current
math skills!
• What you know in math has changed.
• The WAY you are taught math has changed.
Children learn:
Recognize FINAL
Recognize
Sounds Words Letters of OUTCOME:
the Alphabet Words
Reading
• Interrelated – Connected
• Acquiring new skills usually requires growth in all
areas – physical, cognitive, social, and emotional.
• Teamwork • Ability To
• Have “READ” Other
Players
Confidence • Be Decisive
Physical Coordinati
Stamina on
Cognitive
Practice Developm
• Ability to ent • Understand
Body Language
“READ” • Have
Expressions Perseverance
Principles of Human Development
4) Development varies among individuals.
• MANY factors affect development.
Family
ENVIRONMENT
Health Community
Media
FAMILY:
• Families often have the greatest
effect on human development.
• Infants gain their first experiences
with the world through the care and attention they receive.
• The bond between parent and child is the most basic.
• What about infants that have poor care?
Or
Young
Woman?
Is it moving?
Really?
Notice how
parts you
AREN’T
looking at
moves. Focus
your eyes and
that part
remains still…
Really?
Is it moving?
PERCEPTION
MATTERS
CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
Behaviors Can Be Associated With Responses
PAVLOV
• CLASSICAL CONDITIONING – the theory that behaviors can be
associated with responses
• A parent afraid of bugs may unknowingly pass that fear along to their
child by gasping or communicating alarm when they see bugs.
OPERANT CONDITIONING
Behaviors that have a positive result or reinforcement are repeated
SKINNER
• OPERANT CONDITIONING is when people tend to repeat
behaviors that have a positive result or are reinforced.
Read more:
How to Explain Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development | eHow.com
http://www.ehow.com/how_7722233_explain-piagets-theory-cognitive-development.
html#ixzz28zv7uxHr
4
PIAGET
• Others were celebrating behaviorism; Piaget began looking for
differences! ~The Four Stages of Cognitive Development~
• He found that at any stage of life, thinking skills of individuals
are similar.
• At each new stage, people incorporate new experiences into
what they know based on skills they have developed earlier in
previous stages.
• Piaget improved understanding of cognitive skills
development.
• Young children base thinking on senses.
• (Logical Thought: The moon is following me!)
• Children need continuous exposure to experimentation,
discover, and first-hand experiences to develop.
Activity Based on Piaget – Flip Book
PIAGET – Page 73
PIAGET’S STAGES OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
AGE STAGE DESCRIPTION
Infancy Sensorimotor Babies begin to learn about the world through their
(Birth to age 2) senses. At first, learning relies on reflexes but more
purposeful movement later enhances learning.
Early Childhood Concrete Operational Children begin to think logically. They can make
(Ages 7 – 11) generalizations, understand cause and effect, groups
and classify items, and suggest solutions to
problems.
Adolescence and Formal Operational Both logical and abstract thinking are mastered
Adulthood during this stage. This includes making prediction
(Ages 12 and up) and considering “what if” questions.
Pavlov - CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
Behaviors Can Be Associated With Responses
Skinner - OPERANT CONDITIONING
Behaviors that have a positive result or reinforcement are repeated
PSYCHOSOCIAL THEORY
Personality development occurs during eight stages of life.
At each stage, people must successfully face and resolve a psychological
or social conflict. Being unsuccessful will affect future stages of
development.
Read page 75
MORAL DEVELOPMENT
What is right or wrong is based on perspective and stages of
development.
Bandura
Social Cognitive
Theory
Vygotsky
Erikson
Sociocultural
Psychosocial Theory
Theory
Human 8 stages of development
Growth
Skinner Philosophers Kohlberg
Moral
Operant Conditioning
Development
Piaget Pavlov
4 Stages of Cognitive Classical
Development Conditioning
Bandura
Vygotsky Erikson
So who’s
Human
Growth
Skinner right?
Philosophers Kohlberg
Piaget Pavlov
Which theory is correct?
• Throughout your career, theories will emerge and knowledge
will change!
• Gaining greater understanding of the way humans learn helps
teachers develop effective teaching strategies.
Which theory is correct?
• Throughout your career, theories will emerge and knowledge
changes.
• Gaining greater understanding of the way humans learn helps
teachers develop effective teaching strategies.
• YOUR TURN:
• Present your personal theory and belief of learning.
Use what you’ve learned in this unit to develop your
presentation.
• Due: __________
End of Part 2
~
Behaviorist
Theories
VOCABULARY TERMS
Growth Development Physical Develop Gross-Motor Fine-Motor Skil
ment Skills ls