CAUSES OF REMOVAL

OF THE PRESIDENT
AND SEPARATION OF
POWERS AND CHECKS
AND BALANCES
 Causes of Removal of the President
The President can be removed from office either voluntarily or
involuntarily. Voluntarily, if the President resigns, died, suffers
permanent disability and declares incapacity in his or her own
volition. Involuntarily, if the President is forced to leave office
because of impeachment or Congress decides that the President
is incapable to perform in office, the President must relinquish
his/her post.
The following are the cause of removal of the president from
office:
1. DEATH:
The President is removed by a natural cause. The Vice-
President becomes the President in case of death of the
Chief Executive.
2.
RESIGNATION:
The President for some personal or political reasons
voluntarily relinquish His/her position, the Vice-President
acts as the President.
3. PERMANENT
DISABILITY:
The President is replaced by the Vice-President for
serious physical conditions that incapacitates him/her to
live up to his/her solemn oath.

4. INCAPACITY:
The President writes to the Senate President and Speaker of the House of
Representatives informing them that s/he is no longer capable of
discharging his or her duties as President.
But s/he can assume the position as soon as the
incapacity is removed.

The majority of the cabinet members can write to the

Senate President and Speaker of the House informing
them of the incapacity of the President. If the President
objects, Congress will determine whether such
incapacity exists.
5.
IMPEACHMENT:
The President is removed from office involuntarily. The
House of Representatives in a vote of at least one-third of
all members can transmit to the Senate the Articles of
Impeachment charging the President for culpable violation
of the Constitution, betrayal of public trust, high crimes,
and graft and corruption.
The Senate sitting as an Impeachment Court holds a trial
to determine whether the Articles of Impeachment from
the House have legal basis. The senators will act as
judges with the Chief Justice as the Presiding officer. A
vote of at least two-thirds or 16 of the senators is needed
to impeach the President. Thereafter, the Vice-President
becomes the new President.
Separation of Powers and Checks
and Balances
The principle of separation of powers is the primary feature of
a presidential form of government. Each branch of the
government (executive, legislative, judiciary) performs
powers and functions independent from each other. No branch
can intervene with the discharge of the powers and functions
of the other branches.
To prevent abuse of power by any of the three (3) branches of
government, the principle of checks and balance is also put in place.
The legislature checks the executive through its power to impeach, to
approve Presidential appointments, to revoke declaration of martial
law and suspension of the writ of habeas corpus, to authorize budget
prepared by the executive, and to call upon cabinet members for
legislative inquiries. The legislature also checks the judiciary through
its powers to impeach, to conduct legislative inquiry and budgetary
hearings, and to reorganize the courts except the Supreme Court.
The executive checks the legislature through its power to veto legislations of
the Congress. The executive also formulates the implementing rules and
regulations of the laws passed by Congress. The President may also issue
laws through his ordinance power if Congress fails to legislate certain
policies. Moreover, the executive also checks the judiciary through its
powers to appoint the chief justice and justices of the Supreme Court and
the judges of lower courts, to counteract courts' judgment or rulings by
invoking its independent judicial power, to grant reprieve, commutation and
pardon to convicted criminals, and to question judicial decisions and the
pressures attendant to such positioning.
As to the checks of the judiciary over the
branches of government, it has a Judicial
review power. The Supreme Court has the sole
power to review the constitutionality of laws
passed by Congress and the manner of
implementation by the executive.
PRESENTATION MADE
BY:
KHRISTINE JOY
BUACO
SHEILA DIAZ
GRADE 12
THANK YOU