計算機程式與應用實習

Week 10
String class
Note

• Property: 屬性
• Concatenate: 連接
• Provides: 提供
Outline

• String class
• String class declaration and initialization
• String library
• length
• substr
• find
• insert
• compare
• replace
• Practice
String class

• C++ has in its definition a way to represent a sequence of

characters as an object of the class.
• This class is called string.
• String class stores the characters as a sequence of bytes with
the functionality of allowing access to the single-byte
character.
String class declaration and initialization
Addition of string class

• We can use the "+" operator to concatenate two strings to get

a new string.
input of string class

• cin: used for strings that "do not contain '\n', '\t', and space
key characters". Space keys can be used to separate different
inputs.
• getline: Used for strings that "contain the whitespace key
character, '\t'". Only the newline key can be used to separate
different inputs.
Cin and getline

• We passed in two parameters in the getline() function:

getline(cin, srt2);. The first parameter is the cin object while
the second is the str2 string variable.
Array properties of the string class

• The string class is designed to use "[ ]" to access the

characters in the string, just like the original character array.
string length

• Like the strlen function of string.h ， The string class

provides length.
• int length(void);
sub-string

• A part of a string is referred to as a substring.

• string substr(start index, len)
npos

• npos has two functions:

• Indicates that no results have been matched and can be
used as a basis for judging expressions.
• The maximum value of the string length. The default
parameter that needs to be filled with the length as a
parameter is npos, which means "until the end of the
string".
String find

• Searches the string for the first occurrence of the sequence

specified by its arguments.
• int find(target string, start search address)
String insert

• Inserts additional characters into the string right before the

character indicated
• void insert(position, target string)
String compare

int string_name.compare(start address, Maximum length of

strings to compare, target string)
String replace

• Replaces the portion of the string that begins at character pos

and spans len characters by new contents
• void str_name.replace(replaced string, replaced string length,
target string)
Practice

• split
Input is a string str, a character c, str must contain the c character,
please use the c character as the boundary to cut the str string and
output it in a new line.
example:
intput:
abc/def/ghi
/
output:
abc
def
ghi
Practice

• Input a string containing spaces, if it contains all lowercase

English letters more than once, output "Pangrams", otherwise
output "Not Pangram"

Input:
we promptly judged antique ivory buckles for the next prize
output:
pangrams

input:
we promptly judged antique ivory buckles for the prize
output:
Not pangram
Practice

• Input an integer n is the number of strings, then input each

string in sequence, please output how many characters exist
in each string.

Input:
3
abcdde
baccd
eeabg

Output:
2