7.

HUMAN
NUTRITION
Basheer Ahmed
BALANCED DIET
IS THIS A BALANCED DIET?
BALANCED DIET
 DEFINITION OF BALANCED DIET
• Balanced diet is a diet, which contains all the SEVEN nutrients in the correct amounts according to
age, gender & activity of an individual to maintain a health.
• There are seven different nutrients present in diet:
 Is the BALANCED DIET SAME for
everyone
• Balanced diet changes depending upon many factors such as:
Nutrients-Sources & their function in our
body
 Functions of Carbohydrates
1. Provide energy for our cells

2. Stored as reserved food material for future use Ex: Starch in Plants and Glycogen in Animals

3. Used to make cellulose to make cell walls, and other structures

 Functions of Fats
1. Primarily used for storing energy.

2. Used to make Cell membranes.

3. Fats surround and protect vital organs

4. Provide insulation (keeping warm) in animals especially

 Functions of Proteins

1. Proteins are needed for growth of tissues, organs, bones, etc..

2. Needed for repair of damaged or worn out tissues

3. Proteins are used to make Hormones, Enzymes, Antibodies, etc.

 Functions of Vitamins & Minerals
1. Needed for overall maintenance and health. Example vitamins and minerals are needed:

2. For blood clotting, oxygen transport, etc.

3. For making and normal functioning of enzymes

4. For healthy bones and teeth

5. For good eye sight

6. For healthy skin and gums

 Functions of Fiber
1. Fiber is basically carbohydrate in nature. However it is neither digested nor absorbed and does not
provide energy

2. Keeps digestive tract/alimentary canal in good health.

3. Fiber provides bulk to the food and smoothens peristalsis (allows easy movement of food along
intestines)

4. Slows down glucose absorption making you feel full, preventing overeating.
 Deficiency of Fiber
• Lack of fibre in diet results in constipation, a condition where lumpy or hard stool with a sensation of
obstruction or incomplete evacuation is observed.

• A diet lacking in fiber may, over several years may lead to bowel cancer.
 Functions of Water

1. Found in blood plasma where it is needed for transport of nutrients, wastes and gases

2. Found cytoplasm where it is needed for many chemical reaction ex: Hydrolysis.

3. Needed in maintaining body temperature by forming sweat

4. Needed to flush out wastes in the from of urine

5. Lubricates joints

6. Keeps tissues in mouth, respiratory tract, digestive system moist always for their proper functioing
 VITAMIN C
SOURCES IMPORTANCE DEFICIENCY DISEASE SYMPTOMS
Oranges, lemons, tomatoes, • Maintain healthy skin and • Swollen and bleeding gums.
all fruits and raw vegetables. gums. • Wounds take longer time to heal.
• Keep tissues in good health. • Skin cracks frequently
 VITAMIN D
SOURCES IMPORTANCE DEFICIENCY DISEASE SYMPTOMS

Butter, milk, cheese, egg yolk, • Strengthen bones and teeth. • Rickets--Bones become soft and bent.
can be made in the skin • Helps to absorb calcium from • Muscle cramps due to less calcium, as
when exposed to sunlight. the small intestine Vit D is needed to absorb calcium
 CALCIUM
SOURCES IMPORTANCE DEFICIENCY DISEASE SYMPTOMS
• Formation of healthy teeth and • Bones fail to develop so they
Milk, cheese, yoghurt, bones. become brittle.
fish, egg. • Needed in blood clotting and • Tooth decays easily
muscle contraction. • Slow blood clotting.
 IRON
SOURCES IMPORTANCE DEFICIENCY DISEASE SYMPTOMS
•Not enough haemoglobin is made, fewer RBC
• Needed to make
in blood, so less oxygen delivered to the cell.
Liver, egg yolk, red haemoglobin in RBC to carry
• So person feels less energetic, constantly gets
meat, spinach. oxygen around the body.
tired and cannot do hard work.
SUMMARISED