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JULY 11, A 2021 - Meeting with Company

11H
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AUGUS T A 8, 2021 - 15H with Company

Meeting
16H
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RIL 15,
A 2021 - 15H
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ting with Company Best Grade Presentation A
A

C S C 222: Computer
Organization & A s sembly
Language
Data Representation
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CONVERSIONS A
BINARY,HEXA,DECIMAL……………. J UNE 15, 2021 - 15H
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15H
MARCHMeeting
22, 2021 -
with Company A
CONTENTS
1.NUMBER SYSTEM

2.CONVERSIONS BETWEEN NUMBER SYSTEM

3. BINARY & HEXA-DECIMAL ARTHIMETIC OPERATIONS

4. COMPLIMENTS & ITS OPERATIONS

CONTENT
DES C RIPTION

NUMBER SY STEM CONVERSIONS

•
•
DEFINATION
DECIMAL NUMBER
01 02 •
•
•
HEXA-DECIMAL TO DECIMAL
BINARY TO
DECIMAL TO
• SYSTEM NUMBER
BINARY • BINARY TO HEXA-
DECIMAL
• SYSTEM
HEXA-DECIMAL NUMBER • HEXA-DECIMAL
DECIMAL TO BINARY
SYSTEM • BINARY TO HEXA-DECIMAL

ARTHIMETIC OPERATIONS COMPLIMENTS

•
•
BINARY ADDITION &
SUBTRACTION
HEXA ADDITION &
03 04 •
•
•
1’S
COMPLIMENT
2’S
COMPLIMENT
ADDITION & SUBTRACTION USING
• MSB
SUBTRACTION
& 1’S
COMPLIMEN
• LSB
SIGNED & UN-SIGNED T
INTEGERS • ADDITION & SUBTRACTION USING
12S
COMPLIMENT
 01
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INTRODUCTION
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A SYSTEM
NUMBER SYSTEM

 Any number system using a range of digits that represents a specific

number. The most common numbering systems are decimal, binary,
octal, and hexadecimal.
 Numbers are important to computers
represent information precisely
can be processed
 For example:
to represent yes or no: use 0 for no and 1 for yes
to represent 4 seasons: 0 (autumn), 1 (winter), 2(spring) and 3 (summer)
DECIMAL NUMBER
SYSTEM
B INARY NUMBER
SYSTEM
HEXA- DECIMAL NUMBER
SYSTEM
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02
A

CONVERSIONS
IN NUMBER
SYSTEMS

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CONVERSION
BETWEEN
NUMBER
SYSTEM
CONVERTING HEXA TO
DECIMAL
 Multiply each digit of the
hexadecimal number
from right to left with
its corresponding power
of 16.
 Convert the
Hexadecimal number
82ADh to decimal
number.
CONVERTING B INARY TO
DECIMAL

 Multiply each digit of the

binary number from right
to left with its
corresponding power of
2.
 Convert the Binary
number
11101 to decimal number.
CONVERTING DECIMAL TO
B INARY

 Divide the decimal

number by 2.
 Take the remainder
and record it on the
side.
 REPEAT UNTIL the
decimal number cannot
be divided into
anymore.
CONVERTING DECIMAL TO
HEXADECIMAL

 Divide the decimal

number by 16.
 Take the remainder
and record it on the
side.
 REPEAT UNTIL the
decimal number cannot
be divided into
anymore.
CONVERTING HEXADECIMAL TO
BINARY

 Given a hexadecimal
number, simply convert
each digit to it’s binary
equivalent. Then,
combine each 4 bit
binary number and that
is the resulting answer.
CONVERTING B INARY TO
HEXADECIMAL

 Begin at the rightmost

4 bits. If there are not
4 bits, pad 0s to the
left until you hit 4.
Repeat the steps until
all groups have been
converted.
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03
A

B INARY
ARTHIMETIC
OPERATIONS
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B INARY ARTHIMETIC
OPERATIONS
 Addition
 Like decimal numbers, two 11001
numbers can be added by + 10011
adding each pair of digits 101100
together with carry Binary Addition

propagation.
B INARY ARTHIMETIC
OPERATIONS

 Subtraction
 Two numbers can be 11001

subtracted by subtracting - 10011

each pair of digits together 00110
with borrowing, where Binary Subtraction

needed.
MS B AND
LS B
In computing, the most significant bit (msb) is the bit
position in a binary number having the greatest value. The
msb is sometimes referred to as the left-most bit.

In computing, the least significant bit (lsb) is the bit

position in a binary integer giving the units value, that is,
determining whether the number is even or odd. The lsb is
sometimes referred to as the right-most bit.
UN- S IGNED INTEGERS

 An unsigned integer is an integer at

represent a magnitude, so it is never
negative.

 Unsigned integers are appropriate for

representing quantities that can be never
negative.
S IGNED INTEGERS

A signed integer can be positive or negative, The

most significant bit is reserved for the sign: 1
means negative and 0 means positive.

 Example:
00001010 = decimal 10
10001010 = decimal -10
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COMPLIMENTS
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1’S
COMPLEMENT

 The one’s complement of an

integer is obtained by
complementing each bit, that is,
replace each 0 by a 1 and each 1
by a 0.
2’S
COMPLEMENT
 Negative integers are stored in computer using
2’s complement.
 To get a two’s complement by first finding the
one’s complement, and then by adding 1 to it.

 Example
11110011 (one's
12) complement of
+ 00000001
11110100 (decimal 1)
(two's complement of 12)
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