Biology pre IB

Digestive System

New Castle IB school • Dr. Talal Adel •2024

What occur during the process of digestion?

• Large insoluble molecules in our food must be broken down into small
soluble ones.
• ,So that they can be absorbed from our guts into the blood and ultimately
into cells.
• The process of digestion involves the physical (for example, teeth) and
chemical (enzymes) breakdown of food.
Breakdown of food into smaller molecules

Starch in to maltose by Amylase

Proteins into amino acids by Protease
Lipids/fats fatty acids and glycerol by lipase
Breakdown of food into smaller molecules
Digestive system components

● Digestive system is composed of 12 main parts which is

important for the digestion process and their function
Function of each organ of the digestion

1. Mouth: breaks down food particles physically and

chemically
2. Pharynx: transfers food from mouth to esophagus
3. Salivary glands : saliva moister and lubricates food ,
Amylase digest starch to maltose.
4. Esophagus: transport food
Function of each organ of the digestion

5- Liver
● Breaks down and builds up many biological molecules
● Stores vitamins and iron ,
● Destroys old blood cells
● Destroys poisons
● Bile aids in digestion
What is Bile Function?

Bile emulsifies fats creating a larger surface area for

lipase to act on
Function of each organ of the digestion

6- Stomach
● Stores and churns food
● Pepsin digests proteins
● Hydrochloric acid (HCI) activates enzymes and kills
germs
● Mucus protects stomach wal
Function of each organ of the digestion

7- Gall bladder
● Stores and concentrate bile
8- Annus
● Opening for elimination of faeces
9-Rectum
● Stores and expels faeces
Function of each organ of the digestion

10-Pancreas
Hormones regulate blood glucose levels:
1. Bicarbonates neutralize stomach acid
2. Proteases secreted
3. Amylase secreted
4. Lipases secreted
Function of each organ of the digestion

11-Small intestine
● Completes digestion

● Mucus protects gut wall

● Absorbs nutrients, and most water

● Proteases digest proteins

● Lipases digest lipids

● Amylase digests starch to maltose

● Maltase digests maltose to glucose

Function of each organ of the digestion

12-Large instetine
● Reabsorb some water and ions

● Forms and stores faeces