Course Title : Process Control (PC)

CHE427
CHAPTER 3

Laplace Transform

Resource Person
Tariq M. Raza
CED-CUIL
1
 Why Laplace Transform ?
In previous chapter we developed models that gave us
differential equations in terms of, for instance, dx/dt or dT/dt
As we see we are getting those w.r.t time.
There are different types of differential equations:
ODEs, PDEs, LDEs, N-LDEs, HDEs, N-HDEs
Now solving the DEs for different systems of electrical
engineering, mechanical engineering, chemical engineering,
biological sciences and many more is usually a challenging task
as it involves identifying the type of equation, figuring out the
applicable method( out of many), and then finding the solution.
 What is Laplace Transform ?

Laplace Transform is a unified method that allows you to take a

differential equation, apply the transform to it and then change
it into a new form that is easier to solve.

After you get the answer in Laplace domain (or s domain) then
you can transform the answer back into the time domain.
That’s why it is called as Laplace Transform.
 Laplace Transform
∝
𝐹 ( 𝑠 ) =∫ 𝑒
− 𝑠𝑡
𝑓 ( 𝑡 ) 𝑑𝑡
0

Cap ‘F’ and lower ‘f’ imply that they are inter-related

Alternatively, the above can be expressed in short-hand as :

So, we are transforming a function of t into a function of s.

Also, you may have noticed it’s improper integral
 Laplace Transform
∝
[= ∫𝑒 − 𝑠𝑡
𝑒
𝜆𝑡
𝑑𝑡 Default form:
0
∝
¿∫ 𝑒
−( 𝑠 − 𝜆 )
𝑡 𝑑𝑡
0

Now since we are dealing with a function of t, we can

assume everything else as constant, including s also.
Let’s transform this into a simple form by using u-substitution
u = -(s - ), dt =
 What is Laplace Transform ?
∝
[=∫𝑒 −( 𝑠 − 𝜆 )
𝑡 𝑑𝑡 From Previous Slide:
0
u = -(s -
Substituting by u and du terms in above
∝ dt =
1
¿∫ 𝑒
𝑢
¿
0 −¿¿
Taking the constant term out of the integral

1
− ¿ ¿
 Laplace Transform
1
¿
−¿ ¿
∝
| ¿ .
0

= => Or [ =
(*valid for s>0 )
 Laplace Transform
Or [ =

Now for a special case when = 0,

[=

[=
 Laplace Transform
Now how to determine the LT of : [
∝
¿∫ 𝑒
− 𝑠𝑡 𝑛
𝑡 𝑑𝑡
0

u= dv = e-st dt Integration by parts:

du = ntn-1dt =

)| – (
[
)| +
 What is Laplace Transform ?
)| +

]-[
So final expression is :
= = ; s>0
If we keep going recursively;
=]
if we keep going on and on we end up with final expression
as : or equivalently : . =>