Daiena Gulzar

Osama
Abdullah
Faraz

Nadia Noor
Daiena Gulzar

Osama
Abdullah
Faraz
Noor
Nadia

Writer’s
Introduction

Nadia Noor
Daiena Gulzar

Osama
Abdullah
Faraz

Plot and
Summary

Faraz
Nadia Noor
Daiena Gulzar

Osama
Abdullah

Analysis
Character

Abdullah

Faraz
Nadia Noor
Daiena Gulzar

Osama

Analysis
Thematic

Osama
Abdullah
Faraz
Nadia Noor
 Gulzar
Daiena

Theories

Daiena Gulzar

Osama
Abdullah
Faraz
Nadia Noor
Daiena Gulzar

Osama
Abdullah
Faraz
Nadia Noor
 Introduction

01 02 03 04
Beneficial Commonly used
Plastics are Over 99% to package and
synthetic or plastic is properties such as
being lightweight, transport various
semi-synthetic made of items such as
materials made chemicals durable and
flexible, along with food, produce,
from a wide sourced from chemicals, and
variety of fossils fuels. cheap production
waste.
polymers:

8
 Consumption of plastic for different purposes

01 02 03 04
Packaging is the Annually, A plastic bag has Over the last ten
largest end-use approximately an average years we have
market segment 500 billion plastic “working life” of produced more
accounting for bags are used 15 minutes. plastic than
just over 40% of worldwide. More
during the whole
total plastic than one million
of the last
usage. bags are used
century.
every minute.

9
10
 e 20 c ed it
d ak
rea t odu d as in
e sp tal c an rs to c pr se red
w id en e to s tic yea e, e sti reu ptu g in
st onm du a 0 os n th re l a n a n c
a ate
l
P 50 p o ctu l t p bee g c sisti lasti
C v i r ms r g s n r
en oble low sitio
n o m
t co din stru nta Mo not bei pe as p
de pen al's nme s er or t .
pr eir s po de teri viro ha eith fills en tion
th com ural s. ma d e n is and ronm ollu
de nat stem l vi p
i n os y an tors en
ec fac

03
01 02
START FINISH

04 05
It At
c of lea
wo an
rld be oc plas st 1
pla ea tic 4 m
oc bod ’s m foun sti n e en ill
ea ie aj d
ns s l or in all c m ver d u ion t
an , se ike wa all m ake y y p in on
te ar e
d t
riv as, he r ine s u ar, the s
er lak
s. de p 80 and
es br % 11
i s. o
f
12
 b
o rt e
in rep
s li l b ns
o a tion gram e w cea
F
W t r
W
t o at f the e ing d Na t Pro n ely t he in o .
h d t
ding nd t ne o in th c or ite en sta ima d 0, tic es
r
co fou is o tries Ac e Un opm aki rox soli ich 5
0 las ish
c 2 f
A 18 tan un tic
20 kis co plas an cen g
t th vel ), P app s of f wh stic By re p an
De NDP ates ton ly, o pla h
Pa p 10 for with per ein
(U ner lion ual t is mo t
to rld ion, 90 te b sed
wo llut ated was spo ge mil ann rcen
po tim stic y di 20 ste 0 pe
es pla perl wa to 1 .
of pr o
im .
5 ste
wa
03
of 01 02
START FINISH

04 05
It At
c of lea
wo an
rld be oc plas st 1
pla ea tic 4 m
oc bod ’s m foun sti n e en ill
ea ie aj d
ns s l or in all c m ver d u ion t
an , se ike wa all m ake y y p in on
te ar e
d t
riv as, he r ine s u ar, the s
er lak
s. de p 80 and
es br % 13
i s. o
f
 If we dump this waste collectively together, it
reaches as high as 16500 m – that is the height of
two K2 mountains, the world’s second highest
mountain in the world!

14
 a s
h g l
n
a htin n t a n cy
s t h me ge
ki fig d A
n’s st a
P en o r
n n
Si viro tion
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b s t on i c f
En otec ).
aki aga pla lluti en . pr EPA
P ht po er t now (S
fig stic o v a rs
pla ye
03
01 02
START FINISH

04 05
Pa
En kis
pr viro tan W
IC otec nm
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F-
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y n 15
 Introduction

Research Problem
2

Research Questions
3

Research Objectives
4

Delimitations
 Masses living in the twin cities of Islamabad and Rawalpindi are

Research Objectives
using plastic-made products like plastic bags, plastic bottles, and

Research Questions
Research Problem

plastic containers in their daily life that might not only cause

Delimitations
damage to the scenery but can also be a significant factor of waste
accumulation that might lead to the destruction of ecosystem by
disruption of food chains and energy pyramids so the research
revolves around the problem of excessive use of plastic material
by the consumers.

1 2 3 4
 How much plastic is consumed by the inhabitants of
Islamabad ad Rawalpindi?
Q1

Research Objectives
Research Questions

What are the factors that affect the consumer behavior

Research Problem

toward the use of plastic bags, bottles, and food

Delimitations
Q2
containers?

Are people aware of the devastation caused by the

Q3 excessive use of plastic?

Q4

How the use of plastic can be avoided?

1 2 3 4
 1 •To examine and assess consumer behavior regarding the use of plastic bags, bottles, and food containers.

Research Objectives
Research Questions
Research Problem

Delimitations
2 •To identify factors influencing consumer choices.

3 •To explore the potential for promoting sustainable bag usage.

1 2 3 4
 Research Objectives

Delimitations
Research Questions

Plastic bags have been widely used in grocery stores, markets,

Research Problem

and various retail outlets. They are convenient for carrying goods

Methodology
and have become a common part of people’s daily lives.

Research
However, the excessive use of plastic bags has resulted in severe
environmental consequences. This research briefly discusses
plastic (bags, bottles, and food containers’) consumption
specifically in Islamabad and Rawalpindi, and is also delimited to
shopping, grocery, and dumping waste while assessing the
factors that influence consumer choices.

1 2 3 4 5
 Literature Review
Impact of plastic bags on Plastic debris in the
01 the environment in Yemen, oceans is a difficult 05
task

Effects on a clean
environment for us and Derraik
02 our future generations. 06
(2002)

Air and water

Mohram and
03 Maqtari (2014)
pollution in 07
Pakistan

Pollution of the marine Informal solid waste

04 environment by plastic management 08
debris (municipalités)
 Literature Review
Increase with Bangladesh, India,
01 population and Pakistan and S. 05
industrialization Africa

Presence of micro plastics in

Rahman, M. K.
02 90% of bottled water 17 were 06
free of plastics out of 259 (2013)

55 billion plastic
03 WHO (2018) bags every year 07
(Pakistan)

Countries Jehangir, A., Imtiaz,

04 banned( environment M. & Salman 2022 08
and agriculture )
 59

Male
41

Female
Information
Demographic

86

Undergraduate
9

Graduate
3

Employed
1

Private Business
1

House Wife
23
 59

Male
41

Female
86

Undergraduate
9

Graduate
3

Employed
1
Demographic Information

Private Business
1

House Wife
24
Contribution of plastic material
in twin city pollution

95
5

Yes
No 25
Awareness towards ban of
bags in Islamabad

63
37

Unaware
Aware
26
 ie s
c
oli
p
h
suc c Ye
any lasti s
re I a
out of p cy wa
cli re No
a b se es. ng a
pr bou ta
a rd e u ottl oc t wa
h e g th n d b w es th
re
t
o din s a o fro s Go at p
v
n
e gar ag
Kn m vt olic
th of y T
’t
a b
I h re is Pa h
N o,
o n Policies regarding use of plastic
pla ki at
sti sta is p
D material in Rawalpindi
c. n m la
ad stic
e r ar
oa e
d

• Degradable plastic bags are now being
manufactured instead of non-degradable.
• In 2019, Pakistan became one of 128 countries
with a single-use plastic bag ban in place.
Pakistan's ban halted the production of 600,000
kilograms per annum.
• Polythene bags or any polythene bag below fifteen
micron thickness or offer any kind of eatable and
non-eatable goods in any black polythene bag or any
polythene bag below fifteen micron thickness.
punished with imprisonment for a term which
may extend to three 27
 Number of plastic bags used in a week

25% 10% 52% 4% 13%

DATA 01 DATA 02 DATA 03 DATA 04 DATA 05

Less 20-35 5-20 35-50 More

than 5 than 50
28
 Number of plastic bottles used in a week

35% 11% 44% 12%

DATA 01 DATA 02 DATA 03 DATA 04

Less 20-50 5-20 35-50

than 5
29
 Number of plastic containers used in a week

35% 6% 47% 2% 14%

DATA 01 DATA 02 DATA 03 DATA 04 DATA 05

5-20 35-50 Less More 20-35

than 5 than 50
30
 Commonly used bags

31%
Both Plastic and B Plastic bags
cloth bags
A
52%

Cloth bags C
D
16% Plastic bags
1%
31
 Bags convenient for
Shopping & groceries

24%
Both Plastic and B Cloth bags
cloth bags
A
54%

Plastic bags C
D
20% Tote bags
2%
32
 Factors influencing choice of
bags for shopping

29%
Price B Convenience

A
47%

Environmental C
Concerns
23%
33
 Factors influencing choice of
bags for dumping waste

30%
Price B Convenience

A
43%

Environmental C
concerns D
26% 1% Others
34
 Commonly used food containers
90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
steel
Plastic
Glass
Others

35
 Factors influencing choice of
food containers

29%
Price B Convenience

A
50%

Enviornmental C
concerns D
19% 2% Health
concerns 36
 Convenience for dumping
waste

28%
Cloth bags B Plastic bags

A
62%

Both Plastic C
bags and cloth
bags
10%
37
 Use of more plastic bags in comparison to
cloth bags
70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
Strongly agree
Somewhat agree
Neutral
Somewhat disagree

38
 Using alternatives can reduce plastic waste.

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
Stronly agree
Somewhat agree
Neutral
Somewhat disgaree

39
 Factors that motivates you to switch from plastic consumption to
its alternatives.

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
Enviornmental concerns
Governmental regulations
Retailer incentives
40
Availability of alternatives
Negative effects of use of plastic in daily life

9%

10%

1st Qtr
2nd Qtr
3rd Qtr
4th Qtr

59%
23%

41
 Use of plastic adds to marine litter.

4% Strogly Influenced
5%
8% Somewhat Influenced

Neutral

Not as influenced

54%
Not influenced at all

29%

42
 Plastic deteriorates the scenery.

2%1%
9%

Completely aware
Somewhat aware
Neutral
Not as aware
50% Not at all aware

37%

43
 Recycling of plastic effects the climate.

1%

3%
14%

Strogly Influenced

Somewhat Influenced

Neutral
24% 58%
Not as influenced

Not influenced at all

44
Recycling of plastic effects human health.

5%

12%

Completely aware
Somewhat aware
Neutral
Not as aware
Not at all aware
54%

29%

45
Influence of advertisement of marketing campaigns

2%
6%

14%
38%
Strogly Influenced

Somewhat Influenced

Neutral

Not as influenced

Not influenced at all

40%

46
Willing to pay for eco-friendly
3% products.
7%
1%

Definitely Maybe; depends on price Unsure

49%
Ocassionally Never

40%

47
Data collection
(Interviews)

48
49
 01
06 Excessive use of Plastic
Convenience and price bottles, bags &
need to be focused containers

02
05 Conclusion
Still, it is observed that there
Talking about factors is constant use of plastic.

04 03
Yet, more awareness People are aware of the
campaigns are required and
destruction
suggested
Behind the scene

51
52
 Thank You

If you have any questions you

may ask

53