Cchacon Inductancia

97.
315 Basic E&M and Power Engineering Topic: Inductance
SELF INDUCTANCE
ENERGY STORED IN A
MAGNETIC FIELD
MUTUAL INDUCTANCE
Lecture 26 TITLE
97.315 Basic E&M and Power Engineering Topic: Inductance
• Theory
• Self inductance
• Examples of calculation
• Self inductance of a long solenoid
• Theory
• Energy stored in a magnetic field
• Mutual Inductance
• Examples of calculation Walk in the park

• Inductance calculations
• Assignment
• References
• Summary
Lecture 26 OUTLINE
SELF INDUCTANCE
A transformer is a device in which the current in
Introduction one circuit induces an EMF in a second circuit
through the changing magnetic field.
97.315BasicE&MandPowerEngineering Topic: Magnetization
B, H, ANDMRELATIONSHIP To understand how

 NI
Bo  o
2R
voltmeter
current in one
circuit induced
EMF in another, we
will first examine
I
Anarrangement tomeasurethemagneticfield how a current in a
V insideatoroid. Thesubscript Bo denotesthat the
interior of thetoroidisvoidof magneticmaterial. circuit can induce
Lecture23 THEORY
an EMF in the same
circuit.
Lecture 23
Lecture 26 THEORY
SELF INDUCTANCE
Enclosed surface S
Consider a single wire loop
Current in loop produces
 a
magnetic field B , giving a
flux through the loop.

 B
From Biot-Savard Law B  i
BIOT-SAVARDLAW
97.315BasicE&MandPowerEngineering Topic:Biot-Savard
Thus:   i i
Considerasmall segmentofwireofoveralllengthd
i
TheB iot-Savardlawappliedtothesm all segment givesan
element ofm agneticfielddBat thepoint P.
 I dr ˆ
dBr 

o 21 dB

4 r
1 2
21
r̂21 P
97.315BasicE&MandPowerEngineering Topic:H,BBASICS
Magnetostatics
Sam eresult as 
v
Postulate2forthem
r
agneticfield
Acurrent elem

field B w
ent I
dproducesam agnetic
hichat adistanceRisgivenby:
postulate2forthe 21
I

m agneticfield
  IRˆ
dB o 2 d
4 R

R
R̂ Id
I
Lecture16
dB
Unitsof{T, G,Wb/m2}
Lecture16 THEORY
d
   Li
Lecture21 REVIEW
WRITE:
Lecture 26 THEORY
SELF INDUCTANCE
Consider a single wire loop Enclosed surface S
Current in loop produces

 a

B
   Li i
L is the self inductance of the loop
i
d di v
v L 
dt dt emf  
t
Lecture 26 THEORY
SELF INDUCTANCE
Consider a single wire loop Enclosed surface S
Current in loop 
produces a

B
   Li
i
It is difficult to compute L for a
simple wire loop since the magnetic
field produced by the loop is not
i
constant across the surface of the
d di
loop. v v
dt
L
dt
A possible solution is to find B at center of loop and
B
then approximate:
Lecture 26 THEORY center
S
SELF INDUCTANCE
A simple example for the calculation of a self inductance is the the long solenoid.
97.315 Basic E&M and Power Engineering Topic: Ampere's Law 97.315BasicE&MandPowerEngineering Topic:Ampere'sLaw 97.315 Basic E&Mand Power Engineering Topic: Ampere's Law
Example(Solution)
Example (Question) Example (Solution)
Obtainanexpressionfortheelectricfieldatapointinsidealongsolenoid.
Obtain an expression for the electric field at a point Obtain an expression for the electric field at a point inside a long

inside a long solenoid. Bb 0 N: num ber of turnsenclosedbylengthL solenoid.
Axis of solenoid 1 2 34 5
Current out of page I Current out of page P
 P 
P  NI
B o x
ˆ
x̂ Blow up
L of region
Current into page I about 
Current intopage point P dB1
1

dB2 
Infinite coil of wire carrying a current I
•Bisindependent of distancefromtheaxisof the  B
oNI longsolenoidasw eareinsidethesolenoid! P dB3 resultant
B 
L •Bisuniforminsidethelongsolenoid. Fields produced at P
Evaluate B field here
•D irectionof Bfromright handrule dB4 Expect B to lie along
spring END dB5 axis of the solenoid
Lecture 17 EXAMPLE Lecture17 EXAMPLE
Lecture 17 EXAMPLE
Lecture 17
97.315 Basic E&MandPower Engineering Topic: Biot-Savard 97.315BasicE&MandPowerEngineering Topic:Biot-Savard 9 7 .3 1 5 B a s ic E & M a n d P o w e r E n g in e e r in g T o p ic : B io t-S a v a r d
E x a m p le (Q u e s tio n )
Example (Question) E xample(Q uestion)
O b ta in a n e x p r e s s io n f o r th e m a g n e tic a lo n g th e a x is o f a lo n g b u t fin ite le n g th
O btainanexpressionforthem agneticalongtheaxisofalongbutfinite
Obtainanexpressionfor the magnetic alongthe axis of s o le n o id . S e e fig u r e f o r d im e n s io n s . d
lengthsolenoid. Seefigurefordimensions.
a longbut finite lengthsolenoid. See figure for dimensions.
Current out of page d   180   90
Segmentofthesolenoidcoil 2
1
Developafew z
a Axis of solenoid relations
P Current out of page 
Current into page

arclengthrd L
NI
L
d r d
rd B 
 NI
o
cos 90   cos 180  B  
a 2L
z o
 2 L
z
sin
Evaluate B field here finitecoil of wirecarrying acurrent I  NI
 a B  zˆ
Cross-sectioncut throughsolenoid axis
In Lecture 17 we examined the magnetic field  sin
r 2L
o
Radius of solenoidis a. inside an infinitely long solenoid. We found that Axisof solenoid
no magnetic field existed on the outside of the M a g n e tic fie ld is ½ th a t o f c e n te r
Lecture 21 EXAMPLE
solenoid and that inside the magnetic field was
uniformand directed along the axis.
Lecture21 EXAMPLE
dB z L e c tu re 2 1 EXAM PLE END
Lecture 21
Lecture 26 THEORY
SELF INDUCTANCE
Current out of page Long solenoid of length 
 AREA
B A
N turns of wire carrying current I   NI

B o


B is constant over the cross-section of the solenoid
Lecture 26 THEORY
SELF INDUCTANCE
Long solenoid of length 
  NI  AREA
B o
B A

Flux through one loop of area A

 NIA
1  BA   o

1

B is constant over the cross-section of the solenoid
Lecture 26 THEORY
SELF INDUCTANCE
 AREA
B A
  NI Flux through all N loops of solenoid

B o
 N IA
2
   N  o

N 1
From   LI N A 2
Then L o
Lecture 26 THEORY 
SELF INDUCTANCE
  NI AREA
B o
A

  LI Self inductance of a long

N A 2 solenoid of N turns with a current
L o
I in the windings. The solenoid
 has cross-sectional area A.
Lecture 26 THEORY
ENERGY IN MAGNETIC FIELD

Consider a long solenoid in order to develop a general expression for the energy stored in a
magnetic field.
97.315 Basic E&M and Power Engineering Topic: Ampere's Law 97.315BasicE&MandPowerEngineering Topic:Ampere'sLaw 97.315 Basic E&Mand Power Engineering Topic: Ampere's Law
Example(Solution)
Example (Question) Example (Solution)
Obtainanexpressionfortheelectricfieldatapointinsidealongsolenoid.
Obtain an expression for the electric field at a point Obtain an expression for the electric field at a point inside a long

Bb 0
solenoid.
inside a long solenoid. N: num ber of turnsenclosedbylengthL
1 2 34 5
Axis of solenoid
Current out of page I Current out of page P
 P 
P  NI
B o x
ˆ
x̂ Blow up
L of region
Current into page I about 
Current intopage point P dB1
1

dB2 
Infinite coil of wire carrying a current I
•Bisindependent of distancefromtheaxisof the  B
oNI longsolenoidasw eareinsidethesolenoid! P dB3 resultant
B 
L •Bisuniforminsidethelongsolenoid. Fields produced at P
Evaluate B field here
•D irectionof Bfromright handrule dB4 Expect B to lie along
spring END dB5 axis of the solenoid
Lecture 17 EXAMPLE Lecture17 EXAMPLE
Lecture 17 EXAMPLE
Lecture 17
97.315 Basic E&MandPower Engineering Topic: Biot-Savard 97.315BasicE&MandPowerEngineering Topic:Biot-Savard 9 7 .3 1 5 B a s ic E & M a n d P o w e r E n g in e e r in g T o p ic : B io t -S a v a r d
E x a m p le (Q u e s tio n )
Example (Question) E xample(Q uestion)
O b ta in a n e x p r e s s io n f o r th e m a g n e tic a lo n g th e a x is o f a lo n g b u t fin ite le n g th
O btainanexpressionforthem agneticalongtheaxisofalongbutfinite
Obtainanexpressionfor the magnetic alongthe axis of s o le n o id . S e e fig u r e f o r d im e n s io n s . d
lengthsolenoid. Seefigurefordimensions.
a longbut finite lengthsolenoid. See figure for dimensions.
Current out of page d   180   90
Segmentofthesolenoidcoil 2
1
Developafew z
a Axis of solenoid relations
P Current out of page 
Current into page

arclengthrd L
NI
L
d r d
rd B 
 NI
cos 90   cos 180
o
 B  
a 2L
z o
 2 L
z
sin
Evaluate B field here finitecoil of wirecarrying acurrent I  NI
 a B  zˆ
Cross-sectioncut throughsolenoid axis
In Lecture 17 we examined the magnetic field  sin
r 2L
o
Radius of solenoidis a. inside an infinitely long solenoid. We found that Axisof solenoid
no magnetic field existed on the outside of the M a g n e tic fie ld is ½ th a t o f c e n te r
Lecture 21 EXAMPLE
solenoid and that inside the magnetic field was
uniformand directed along the axis.
Lecture21 EXAMPLE
dB z L e c tu re 2 1 EXAM PLE END
Lecture 26 THEORY
Lecture 21

Current out of page Long solenoid of length 
 NI
May have core with
constant permeability  B
AREA
A

N turns of wire carrying current I
Find work done by current source in building up magnetic field:

d dI
Power  V  I V L
dt dt
Lecture 26 THEORY

dW d dI
 Power  V  I V
dt
L
dt
dt
THEN
d
dW   I  dt
I dt
W   LI dI  THEN
d
0
THEN dW   I  dt
dt
LI 2
W
2
Energy stored
Lecture 26 THEORY

LI 2
For long solenoid N A
2
W L
2 Energy stored 
 NI
B
N AI2 2

W
2 For  core solenoid
1  N I  2 2 2
W   A
2    2 enclosed volume
of solenoid
1
W B  A 2
2
Lecture 26 THEORY

1
Total magnetic energy stored in solenoid W B  A 2
2
1
W  B dv
2
2 vol
Energy density W
VOLUME
W B 2
EXPRESSION

VOLUME 2 VALID
FOR
B2 ALL
Energy density 
2
Lecture 26 THEORY
Energy in Magnetic Field

9 7 .3 1 5 B a s ic E & M a n d P o w e r E n g in e e r in g T o p ic : I n d u c t a n c e
E N E R G Y IN M A G N E T IC F IE L D
C u rren t o u t o f p ag e L o n g s o le n o id o f le n g th 
  NI AREA
M a y h a v e c o re w ith
c o n s ta n t p e r m e a b ility  B  A

N tu r n s o f w ir e c a r r y in g c u r r e n t I
F in d w o rk d o n e b y c u rre n t s o u rc e in b u ild in g u p m a g n e tic fie ld : 97.315 Basic E&M and Power Engineering Topic: Inductance
d dI ENERGY IN MAGNETIC FIELD
Power V I V   L
dt dt
L e c tu re 2 6 THEORY
dW d dI
 Power  V  I V 
dt
L
dt
dt
THEN
d
dW   I  dt
I dt
W   L I d I  THEN
d
0
dt
LI 2
W  97.315BasicE&MandPowerEngineering Topic: Inductance
2 ENERGYINMAGNETICFIELD
1
Energy stored Total magneticenergystoredinsolenoid W B A 2
Lecture 26 THEORY
2
1
W Bdv 2
2 vol
Energydensity W
VOLUME
W B 2
EXPRESSION

2
Lecture 26 VOLUME
B2
VALID
FOR
ALL
Energydensity 
2
Lecture 26 THEORY Lecture26 THEORY

Energy in Electric Field

97.315 Basic E&M and Power Engineering Topic: Poisson’s equ. 9 7 .3 1 5 B a s ic E & M a n d P o w e r E n g in e e r in g T o p ic : P o is s o n ’ s e q u .
Energy stored in electric field E n e rg y s to re d in e le c tric fie ld

Consider a capacitor at potential difference In g e n e ra l fo r a n y v o lu m e w h e re e le c tric fie ld e x is ts :
+Q -Q V and of charge +Q , -Q on the plates.
Area of plates (A) and spacing (D)
E n e rg y s to re d is :
  QV CV2
E s 
Q
o o A
Energy stored in the capacitor: U 
2 2
o
E
o A
A But: C
D
and E
V
D
U  2
dv
2
2 Volume
CV 2
 AV o AD V  o E
2 2
U  o     AD
D 2 2D 2  D 2
o E2
V
+ -
U volumebetweenplates P o te n tia l e n e rg y s to re d in e le c tro s ta tic fie ld
2
Lecture THEORY L e c tu re THEORY
97.315 Basic E&M and Power Engineering Topic: Poisson’s equ.
Lecture 6
Lecture TEXT
Reference (8) page 172
Lecture 26 THEORY
Energy in Electric Field

For electric fields, we argued that the energy was really
stored in the potential energy of the particles positions, since
it would require that much energy to take separate charges
and form that distribution from a universe with equally
distributed charges.
Energy in Magnetic Field

This is harder to do for magnetic fields since there are no
magnetic charges. But one possible approach is to take
current loops enclosing zero area, and consider the forces on
the wires as we expand the loops so as to form the current
distributions which generate the magnetic field.
Lecture 26 THEORY

We can use the principle of virtual work to determine forces as
we did for electric forces.
Energy stored in magnetic field
U
Gives correct magnitude F  mag Position variable
s
mag
97.315 Basic E&M and Power Engineering Topic: Virtual work 97.315 Basic E&M and Power Engineering Topic: Virtual work
9 7 .3 1 5 B a s ic E & M a n d P o w e r E n g in e e r in g T o p ic : V ir t u a l w o r k
E x a m p le (S o lu tio n ) Example (Solution) Example (Solution)

U s in g th e p rin c ip le o f v irtu a l w o r k o b ta in a n e x p re s s io n fo r th e fo rc e Using the principle of virtual work obtain an expression for the force Using the principle of virtual work obtain an expression for the force
o n a p la te o f a p a r a lle l p la te c a p a c ito r . T h e p la te s a re o p p o s ite ly c h a r g e d ( + Q , - on a plate of a parallel plate capacitor. The plates are oppositely charged (+Q, - on a plate of a parallel plate capacitor. The plates are oppositely charged (+Q, -
Q ) a n d s e p a r a te d b y a d is ta n c e S . A s s u m e th a t th e p la te s h a v e a n a re a A . Q) and separated by a distance S. Assume that the plates have an area A. Q) and separated by a distance S. Assume that the plates have an area A.
o A
+Q +Q C
  S
We can now apply the principle of virtual work to obtain the
F F  V  Eo S
force on the plates
 S
S Eo Eo U Q 2S
  Eo 
Q
o A F With U
F F S 2 0 A
-Q -Q
U Q2 Q Q QE o
F   
W e h a v e s h o w n in le c tu r e 6 th a t th e e le c tr ic a l e n e r g y s to r e d in th e e le c tr ic f ie ld QV CV 2 2 S 2 o A 2  o A 2
 o Eo  Q 
AS    o
2
b e tw e e n th e p la te s o f a p a r a lle l p la te s c a p a c ito r is g iv e n b y : U   Q 2S
U  AS    +Q
2 2 2 2  oA  2 o A 
QV CV 2
oA F 
U   w h e re C  and V  E oS S Eo
2 2 S An expression of the energy in terms of 
F
plate separation S
Lecture 10 EXAMPLE Lecture 10 EXAMPLE
-Q
L e c tu re 1 0 EXAM PLE
Lecture 9
Lecture 26 THEORY Be very careful using the virtual work principle

MUTUAL INDUCTANCE
Enclosed surface S1 Enclosed surface S2

B


1
2
i1
i2
Loop 1
Loop 2
v  v 
2
1
We shall consider two current loops close together.

Lecture 26 THEORY
MUTUAL INDUCTANCE

Suppose current i1 flows in loop
1, creating a flux  in the loop
B
1
and a flux  in loop 2. We will

12
 1
S S

2 set the source current i2 zero for
1 2
now. 
i1
   B  da
12 1 2
S2
v  1
Loop 1 Loop 2
Integral over loop 2 surface
Magnetic field of loop 1 in the region of loop 2
Flux of loop 2 produced by current in loop 1

Lecture 26 THEORY Now some math!!!!
MUTUAL INDUCTANCE

 12
  B  da
1 2
S2 Using magnetic vector potential
  
 12
    A  da 1 2
S2
  Using Stoke’s theorem
 12
  A  d
1 2
2
 Using definition of magnetic vector potential
 i  d  
   
o 1
  d  1
4  r 
12 2
2 1
21
 
 d  d
 i 
o 1 2
4
Rearrange terms
r
12 1
2 1
21
Lecture 26 THEORY
MUTUAL INDUCTANCE 
  B
 d  d
 i 
o 1 2
 
4 r
1
12 1 2
2 1 S
1
S 2
21
i
  i M
1
12 1 12 v  1
Loop 1 Loop 2
Constant that depends on loop geometry
Flux in loop 2 due to current in loop 1

Lecture 26 THEORY
MUTUAL INDUCTANCE

Suppose current i2 flows in loop
2, creating a flux  in the loop
B
2
and a flux  in loop 1. We will

21
1
S S

2 set the source current i1 zero for
1 2
now. 
i
2    B  da
21 2 1
S1
v  1
Loop 1 Loop 2
Integral over loop 1 surface
Magnetic field of loop 2 in the region of loop 1
Flux of loop 1 produced by current in loop 2

Lecture 26 THEORY Now some math!!!!
MUTUAL INDUCTANCE

   B  da
21 2 1
S1 Using magnetic vector potential
  
     A  da
21 2 1
S1
  Using Stoke’s theorem
   A  d
21 2 1
1
 Using definition of magnetic vector potential
 i  d  
    o 2
  d  2
4  r 
21 1
1 2
12
 
 d  d
 i 
o 2 1
4
Rearrange terms
r
21 2
1 2
12
Lecture 26 THEORY
MUTUAL INDUCTANCE

  B
 d  d
 i 
o 2 1

4 r 
21 2 1
2
1 2 S
1
S 2
12
i
 iM 21 2 21
2
v  1
Loop 1 Loop 2
Constant that depends on loop geometry
Flux in loop 1 due to current in loop 2

Lecture 26 THEORY
MUTUAL INDUCTANCE
   
 d  d  d  d
 i 
o 1 2
 i 
o 2 1
4 4 r
21 2
r
12 1
2 1 1 2
21 12
  i M Conclusion
12 1 12  iM
M’s are geometrical factors 21 2 21
M  M M
12 21
MUTUAL INDUCTANCE BETWEEN LOOPS
Lecture 26 THEORY
MUTUAL INDUCTANCE
97.315BasicE&MandPowerEngineering Topic:Inductance
General result
MUTUALINDUCTANCE
EnclosedsurfaceS1 EnclosedsurfaceS2 d d di di

B v  1
 L M
21 1 2
dt dt dt dt
1 1

 1
2
i i d d di di
1 2 v  2
 M L
12 1 2
dt dt dt dt
2 2
Loop1
Loop2
v 
v 
1
2
Sign convention
Weshallconsidertwocurrentloopsclosetogether.
Lecture26 THEORY
Indicates v2 positive when v1 is positive

i i

1 2

v
1
primary v
2
Lecture 26 
THEORY 
Example (Question)
Find the inductance per unit length of a coaxial conductor
shown in the figure.
Lecture 26 THEORY
Example (Solution)
We can apply
Ampere’s law  o I Direction determined using
B ˆ right hand rule.
for the closed 2r
path shown in
blue. b
a
 I ˆ
H  r I
2r

Lecture 26 THEORY
Example (Solution)
   o I
The two
conductors are
12 

S
B  dA with B 
2r
ˆ
linked by the
flux through the 2
surface of b
constant angle 
a
1
I
12  IM
 
dA  drd ˆ
Lecture 26 THEORY
Example (Solution)
b
o I ˆ  I b
12 

0a
2r
  drdˆ 12  o ln 
2 a
2
12  IM b
12 a
M 1
I I
M 12

 I 
M o  b   dA  drd ˆ
 ln 
 2  a  END
Lecture 26 THEORY
Example (Question)
Same example but with a different approach to the solution
Lecture 26 THEORY
Example (Solution)
We can apply
Ampere’s law  o I Direction determined using
B ˆ right hand rule.
for the closed 2r
path shown in
blue. b
a
 I ˆ
H  r I
2r

Lecture 26 THEORY
Example (Solution)
Find the inductance per unit length of a coaxial conductor shown in the figure.
1
The expression for energy stored in a W  LI 2
magnetic field can provide an alternate 2
definition for the inductance. W
1
2   

B  H dv
volume
 I ˆ
H 
2r b
 o I a
B ˆ
2r r I

Lecture 26 THEORY
Example (Solution)
Find the inductance per unit length of a coaxial conductor shown in the figure.
The expression for energy stored in a

magnetic field can provide an alternate M
1
2    
B  H dv 
definition for the inductance. I
volume
 2 b
o  I2 
M
I2
0 0a


 
 4 2 r 2
rdrd dz

 b
a
o b
M ln  I
2 a r
M o  b  
H
I ˆ

 ln  2r
 2  a    o I
B ˆ
2r
Lecture 26 THEORY END
These questions are straight forward. Plug in the numbers and get your answer. Being able to
25 solve this type of question ensures you of at least a grade of 25% on a quiz or final exam
containing questions related to this lecture.
These questions require a few manipulations of equations or numbers before the answer can be
50 obtained. Being able to solve this type of question ensures you of at least a grade of 50% on a
quiz or final exam containing questions related to this lecture.
These question are quite involved and requires a thorough understanding of the topic material.
75 Being able to solve this type of question ensures you of at least a grade of 75% on a quiz or final
exam containing questions related to this lecture.
These questions are the most difficult and require a thorough understanding of the topic material
100 and also pull in topics from other lectures and disciplines. Being able to solve this type of
question ensures you an A grade on a quiz or final exam containing questions related to this
lecture.
75 100 These form excellent review questions when preparing for the quiz and final exam.
25 50 75 100
SELF EVALUATION SCALE

Lecture 26 ASSIGNMENT
25 Find the mutual inductance M between two concentric

circular wire loops of radius r1 and r2 respectively where r1
<< r2.
50 Show that the inductance of the toroid is:
o N 2h  b 
L ln 
2 a
a
N turns
b
c
50 A transmission line consists of two parallel conductors

of separation b and radius a as shown where b >> a.
Find the inductance per unit length of the line assuming
that the conductors are thin walled tubes.
I
Radius a
b
Radius a
I
75 A coax transmission line has a solid metal inner

conductor of radius a and a thin outer conductor of
radius b. Estimate the inductance per unit length of the
transmission line assuming current flow is distributed
uniformly over the cross-section of the center conductor.
50 A very long solenoid with 2 X 2 cm cross-section has an

iron core (r = 1000) and 4000 turns per meter. If it carries
a current of 500 mA, find a) its self inductance per meter
and b) the energy per meter stored in the magnetic field.
ans (a ) : 8.042 H / m
ans (b) : 1.005 J / m
75 Determine the self-inductance of a coax cable of inner

radius a and outer radius b if the inner conductor is made
of a inhomogeneous material having:
2o
  Is a radial coordinate inside the conductor.
1 
    b   1  b 
ans : L  o  o ln   ln 
8   a  1  a 
75 Determine the inductance per unit length of a two wire

transmission line with separation distance d. Each wire has
a radius a.
  1  d  a 
ans : L    ln 
 4  a 
REFERENCES
(0) Textbook: U. S. Inan, A. S. Inan
“Engineering Electromagnetics”
(0) Inan p. 246 - 255
(1) J.D. Kraus, K. R. Carver “Electromagnetics” 2nd (1) Kraus p. 12 - 15
(2) Reitz, Milford, Christy “Foundations of Electromagnetic
theory” 4th
(2) Reitz p. 27 - 31
(3) M. Plonus “Applied Electromagnetics” (3) Plonus p. 2 - 4
(4) R. P. Winch “Electricity and Magnetism”
(4) Winch p. 258 - 266
(5) P. Lorrain, D. Corson “Electromagnetic fields and Waves”
2nd (5) Lorrain p. 40 - 42
(6) Duckworth “Electricity and Magnetism”
(6) Duckworth p. 5 - 8
(7) J.D. Jackson “Classical Electrodynamics” 2nd
(8) F. Ulaby, “Fundamentals of applied Electromagnetics” (7) Jackson p. 27 - 28
(8) Ulaby p. 7, 143 - 144
Lecture 26 REFERENCES
MUTUAL INDUCTANCE
SELF INDUCTANCE
  i M
   Li
12 1 12
E n e rg y in M a g n e tic F ie ld
E N E R G Y IN M A G N E T IC F IE L D
C u rren t o u t o f p ag e L o n g s o le n o id o f le n g th 
  NI AREA
M a y h a v e c o re w ith
c o n s ta n t p e r m e a b ility  B  A

N tu r n s o f w ir e c a r r y in g c u r r e n t I
F in d w o rk d o n e b y c u rre n t s o u rc e in b u ild in g u p m a g n e tic fie ld : 9 7 .3 1 5 B a s ic E & M a n d P o w e r E n g in e e r in g T o p ic : I n d u c t a n c e

d dI E N E R G Y IN M A G N E T IC F IE L D
Power V I V   L
dt dt
L e c tu re 2 6 THEORY
dW V 
d
 L
dI
 Power V I dt dt
dt
THEN
d
dW   I  dt
I dt
W   L I d I  THEN
d
0
dt
LI 2
W  9 7 .3 1 5 B a s ic E & M a n d P o w e r E n g in e e r in g T o p ic : I n d u c t a n c e
2 E N E R G Y IN M A G N E T IC F IE L D
1
W  B 2
A   E n e rg y s to re d T o ta l m a g n e tic e n e rg y s to re d in s o le n o id
2 L e c tu re 2 6 THEORY
E n e rg y d e n s ity
W B2
E X P R E S S IO N

VOLUME 2
L e c tu re 2 6 B2
V A L ID
FOR
ALL
E n e rg y d e n s ity 
2
L e c tu re 2 6 THEORY L e c tu re 2 6 THEORY
Lecture 26 SUMMARY
END LECTURE 26
Lecture 26 END

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97.

315 Basic E&M and Power Engineering Topic: Inductance

• Examples of calculation Walk in the park

B, H, ANDMRELATIONSHIP To understand how

Current in loop produces

N turns of wire carrying current I   NI

Flux through one loop of area A

  NI Flux through all N loops of solenoid

  LI Self inductance of a long

ENERGY IN MAGNETIC FIELD

ENERGY IN MAGNETIC FIELD

N turns of wire carrying current I

Find work done by current source in building up magnetic field:

ENERGY IN MAGNETIC FIELD

ENERGY IN MAGNETIC FIELD

ENERGY IN MAGNETIC FIELD

Energy in Magnetic Field

W  97.315BasicE&MandPowerEngineering Topic: Inductance

Lecture 26 THEORY Lecture26 THEORY

Energy in Electric Field

Energy stored in electric field E n e rg y s to re d in e le c tric fie ld

97.315 Basic E&M and Power Engineering Topic: Poisson’s equ.

Energy in Electric Field

Energy in Magnetic Field

ENERGY IN MAGNETIC FIELD

E x a m p le (S o lu tio n ) Example (Solution) Example (Solution)

Lecture 26 THEORY Be very careful using the virtual work principle

We shall consider two current loops close together.

and a flux  in loop 2. We will

Magnetic field of loop 1 in the region of loop 2

Flux of loop 2 produced by current in loop 1

Constant that depends on loop geometry

Flux in loop 2 due to current in loop 1

and a flux  in loop 1. We will

Magnetic field of loop 2 in the region of loop 1

Flux of loop 1 produced by current in loop 2

Constant that depends on loop geometry

Flux in loop 1 due to current in loop 2

MUTUAL INDUCTANCE BETWEEN LOOPS

Indicates v2 positive when v1 is positive

Same example but with a different approach to the solution

The expression for energy stored in a

SELF EVALUATION SCALE

25 Find the mutual inductance M between two concentric

50 Show that the inductance of the toroid is:

50 A transmission line consists of two parallel conductors

75 A coax transmission line has a solid metal inner

50 A very long solenoid with 2 X 2 cm cross-section has an

75 Determine the self-inductance of a coax cable of inner

75 Determine the inductance per unit length of a two wire

F in d w o rk d o n e b y c u rre n t s o u rc e in b u ild in g u p m a g n e tic fie ld : 9 7 .3 1 5 B a s ic E & M a n d P o w e r E n g in e e r in g T o p ic : I n d u c t a n c e

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