RESEARC

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 A systematic investigation that requires data to
be collected, analyzed, and interpreted of any
social or national phenomena where results
and conclusion are aimed and contributing to
generalizable knowledge.
 INDUCTIVE VS.
DEDUCTIVE
REASONING
 Inductive
- aim to infer therotical concepts and patterns
from observed data also known as Theory
building research.
 Deductive
- aim to test concepts and patterns known for
theory using new empirical data also known as
Theory Testing research.
 QUALITATIVE VS.
QUANTITIVE
RESEARCH
 Qualitative
- often referred to as inductive research aims to
understand or makes sense of the world based on
the experiences and perceptions of individual
 Quantitative
-often referred to as inductive research; aims to
understand the world by generalizability using
controlled, value-neutral processes.
 BASIC VS. APPLIED
RESEARCH
 Basic
- also known as theoretical research aims to testing
existing or generate new theories to advance
knowledge or understanding often identified when
the research discovers new phenomena or new ideas
of general interest.
 Applied
-aims to used the acquired knowledge in order to
contribute directly to the understanding; often
identified when the research contributes to the
solution of specific practical problems.
 EMPIRICAL VS.
NONEMPRICAL
KNOWLEDGE
 Empirical
- Information gathered through experience and
direct data collection.
 Nonempirical
- Roots from introspection, vicarious
experiences, and people’s analysis of events.
 SCIENTIFIC VS.
NONSCIENTIFIC
KNOWLEDGE
 Scientific
- A generalized body of laws and theories that explains
phenomenon acquired using the scientific method; can
be imperfect or far fro the truth since it is based on the
various theories currently accepted at the time.
 EXPLORATORY VS.
EXPLANATORY
RESEARCH
 EXPLORATORY
- Often conducted in new areas of inquiry where it
intends to scope out the magnitude of a particular
phenomenon, problem, or behaviour, to generate new
ideas, and also to test the feasibility of undertaking an
extensive study regarding the phenomenon; seeks to
investigate and under-researched aspect of life
 EXPLANATORY
- Provides explanations of an observed phenomenon by
answering the ‘why’ and ‘how’ questions; attempts to
correct the dots by identifying causal factors and
outcomes of the phenomenon; and often seeks to explain
 RESEARCH DESIGN VS.
METHODOLOGY
 Design
- A strategic plan of how to go about answering the
research questions. It is a plan on how to collect,
analyse, and interpret the research data. It touches
on all parts of the research and acts as a blueprint.
 Methodology
- This is the rationale for the research design and is
broader in terms of concept on which it touches. It
justifies one’s choice of data collection, analysis
method, and procedures.
  RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY VS.
METHODS
 Methodology
- Acts as the justification and rationale for choosing
the type of data collection and analysis the
researcher will conduct. This is based on one’s
existing knowledge of the phenomenon and the
knowledge that one wants to explore.
 Methods
- Specific set of tools that a researcher uses throughout
the study. These are the details that will be based on
the methodology.