Intumescents Coatings

Intumescent Coatings

Context

About Fire protection

• Types Of Fire protections • Value engineering
• Classification Of Passive Fire Protection • Temperature Optimization (Structural
• Cellulosic Fire Fire Design)
• Environment category • Advancement in Fire protection
• Critical Temperature • DFT Marking
• Structural Steel usage
• Fire Exposure & HP/A Calculation

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WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF STEEL FIRE
PROTECTION?

Primary Functions

Life & Asset Protection

Delay building Extend search Preserve Protect structure &

collapse and rescue time life inventory

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Types of Fire Protection

ACTIVE PASSIVE REACTIVE

SYSTEMS SYSTEMS SYSTEMS

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ACTIVE SYSTEM
Sprinkler Gas extinguishing
Foam/Water/Powder Argon/Nitrogen/Carbon dioxide

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PASSIVE SYSTEM

Vermiculite Cementitious Fire boards

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REACTIVE SYSTEM

Thin film Intumescent Epoxy Intumescent

(Cellulosic) (Hydrocarbon)

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FIRE
PROTECTION
Thin Film
Intumescent

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WHAT IS AN INTUMESCENT COATING?

Intumescence = to swell up Coating which rapidly swells Char thermally insulates

when subjected to heat to form the substrate from the
a stable carbonaceous char heat source

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Classification Of Passive fire

Fueled by flammable
Cellulosic materials such as
Fire wood, paper, furniture
and textiles etc.
Passive
Fire
Fueled by oil and gas
Hydrocarbon products
Fire

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Infrastructure Applications

Hospital Warehouse

Offices Stadiums

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Infrastructure Applications

Metro Stations Malls

Airports Iconic Structures

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Environment category

C1 very C3 C5 very CX
C2 low C4 high
low medium high Extreme
Exterior Exterior Exterior
Exterior
Exterior
●Atmospher ●Urban and Industrial
es with low industrial Coastal and
Industrial areas areas with high
Exterior level of atmospheres offshore areas
and coastal humidity and
pollution with high
-
●Moderate areas with aggressive
●Mostly Sulphur dioxide atmosphere salinity
rural areas moderate
pollution salinity
●Coastal area
with low salinity

Interior Interior
Interior Interior Interior
Production Interior
Heated
buildings with Unheated rooms with Buildings or Buildings or
clean where high humidity Chemical plants, areas with areas with
atmospheres, buildings and some air swimming pools, almost almost
e.g. offices, condensation pollution e.g. coastal, ship and permanent permanent
shops, schools, may occur, food-processing boatyards condensation condensation
hotels e.g. depots, plants, and high and high
sports halls laundries, pollution pollution
breweries,
dairies

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Critical Temperature

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 IN A CELLULOSIC, FIRE TEMPERATURE REACHES
550°C IN UNDER 10 MINS

1200

2000
1000

Temperature (°F)
Temperature (°C)

800 1500

600
1000
400

200 500

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Time (minutes)

Cellulosic Fire Hydrocarbon Fire

 STEEEL LOSES ITS STRENGTH AS THE TEMPERTATURE
INCREASES
1

0.9

0.8
Strength Reduction Factor (%)

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

550 c CCT
Temperature (°C)
 THIN FILM INTUMESCENT COATINGS
In this example the intumescent coating provides 70 minutes of protection

1000

900

800

700
Temperature (°C)

600 Critical Temperature

500

400 Furnace

300

200 Uncoated Steel

100

Intumescent

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Time (minutes)
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Un protected steel sections in case of fire

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Cellulosic Fire Type

Testing Standard Recognised Locations

UL 263 • USA, Canada and Middle East

ASTM E-119 • USA, Canada and Middle East

BS476 Parts 20-22 • UK, Middle East, India, South East Asia and New Zealand

GOST • Russia

AS 1530.4/AS 4100 • Australia

ENV 13381-8 • Mainland Europe

GB 14907 • China

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FIRE TESTING

Intumescent Certification:

All intumescent products should be

independently fire tested to
BS476 Parts 20 and 21
Or UL 263 by:

The Building Research

Establishment

Warrington Fire
Research Centre

UL

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Critical Temperatures

BS 5950 Old temperatures

Usage Non- Composite I Section Hollow

Type Composite 3- Sided Column/ 4 Column
3-Sided Beam Sided I
Beam beam

Default 650 620 550 520

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Critical Temperatures
BS 5950 new temperatures

Usage Type Non- Composite I Section Hollow

Composite 3- Sided Column/ 4 Column
3-Sided Beam Sided I
Beam Beam

Office 650 620 550 520

Other 620 590 530 520
Storage, 605 575 520 520
Stair Lobby,
Default
Where
Occupancy
not know

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Fire safety based on type of Building

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Structural Steel usage

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Structural Steel usage

Usage

Structural Steel 3-sided 4-sided

I-Section Beam Beam/Column/Bracing

Rectangular and square hollows Beam Beam/Column/Bracing

Circular Hollows - Column/Bracing

Cell beams Beam Beam

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Beams

4-Sided Beam 3-Sided Beam

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Columns

4-Sided Rectangular/Square
Hollow column 4-Sided Circular Hollow column

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Fire Exposure & HP/A Calculation

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Hp/A

Hp commonly known as the Steel Section

Heated Perimeter.
This is the continuous measure
or girth of sides exposed to
heat.

A is commonly known as the

Area
This measure is the cross-sectional
area of the steel section.

Borrowed from MPI

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Sample Calculation

Section size :
W300x5+TF150x7+BF150x7

Heated Perimeter:

HP= (Webx2)+(Flangex2)+((Flange-Web
Thk)x2)+(4xFlange Thk)

HP = ((300x2)+(150x2)+((150-5)x2)+(4x7))/1000

HP = 1.218 m

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Sample Calculation

Section size :
W300x5+TF150x7+BF150x7

Cross section area (A)

A = (Web x Web Thk) + ( 2x Flange x Flange Thk)

A = (( 300x5)+(2x150x6))/10^6 m2

A = 0.0036 m2

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Section Factor Hp/A

Hp/A = Heated Perimeter

Cross section Area

HP/A= 1.218
0.0036

HP/A = 338.3 ~ 340 m-1

4 SIDES EXPOSURE

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Purpose of Hp/A

• Heated Perimeter/Area (Cross Sectional Area)

• The Hp/A simplifies and standardize sizes of steel
• There are 1000’s of different steel sections – BS, EN, American,
Japanese
• The Hp/A factor categorizes these steel sections into groups
• E.g. 3 sided beam with an Hp/A 140 = 762x267x134 or
686x254x125 or 610x229x113 or 533x210x101 etc, different
dimensions of beams but they all have the same Hp/A

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Different steel sizes can have the same Hp/A and

will require the same DFT

Hp/A 100

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Product Data Sheet

Hp/A - Steel size

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 Product 3rd Party Certificate and
Loading Tables

Certifire Certification | Warringtonfire

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Hydrocarbon Onshore

Offshore

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 Fire curve

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 Fire Types
Cellulosic fire
• Characterizing burning
wood/paper
• “Original” fire test
environments, such as BS
476 and ASTM E-119
• Fire environments
designated with an ‘a’ or ‘b’
(i.e. A-60) are based on a
cellulosic type fire
• Heat flux = 130 kw/m2
• Gradual increase in
temperature over time to a
peak of 940oc at 10 - 25
minutes
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Hydrocarbon fire Jet Fire
• Characterizing burning • Characterized by a
oil/gas pressurized release of
• Hydrocarbon based fire gas/oil
• Jet fires combine high flux
tests are a relatively new
with a high erosive factor
development (mid 70’s)
• Several test now exist, • Jet fires differ because
i.e. UL 1709 varying pressure/fuel/ size
• Heat flux = 200 kw/m2 of leak/rate of
• Peak temperature of depressurization and
1100oc reached in 5 duration will alter the
minutes nature of the jet fire
• Heat
flux=200-350kw/m2
• Temperature= 900-
1300oc in 5 minutes
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 Critical Temperature

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 Critical Temperatures

• Onshore & HPI

API Mostly 538°C CCT for structures and supports.

• Offshore
Mostly 400°C CCT for structures and equipment
Divisions (H rating and A Rating)

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 Classification Based Types of Fire
Protection

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 Structural Protection

 Maintain the Structural Integrity.

 Maintain the Temperature of Steel in Fire.

 Determine the Hp/A.

 Consider the Fire Rating

 Consider the Limiting Temperature

 Determine the DFT of the paint.

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 Divisions (Decks & Bulkheads) – questions to ask

 Compartmentalisation

 Structural Integrity of the division (400°C)

 Insulation (140°C avg)

 DNV, Lloyds, ABS, BV etc.

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 Divisions Fire rating

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 BLEVE (Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour Explosion) –
questions to ask
 Maintain the Temperature of Steel in Fire

 Consider the Fire Rating

 Consider the Limiting Temperature

 Consider the plate thickness

 BAM (Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und –prüfung/ Federal Institute for Materials Research
and Testing)

 300°C and 90 mins.

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 Fire Cases – Widely Used

Pool Fire & Jet Fires Pool Fire & Jet Fires Combined
 Structures  Structures
 H30, H60, H120, H180 etc.  H30/ J15,
 J30. J60, J120, J180 etc.  H60/ J15,
 H90/ J30 etc.
 Division (Decks & Bulkheads)
 A60, H60, H120 & H0 (all providing 120 mins  Division (Decks & Bulkheads)
structural integrity)  H0/ J15, H0/J60, H0/ J120
 J15, J30, J60 etc.  H60/ J15, H60/ J60 etc.

 Pressure Vessels  Pressure Vessels

 H30, H60, H90 & H120  H30/ J15,
 J15, J30, J60 etc.  H60/ J15,
 H90/ J30 etc.

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 Types of Certificates

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 Certificates
• UL 1709

Single point loading for HP/A159m-1 (W10x49) at 538°C.

Multi loadings for different Steel section+ Hollow data.

• DNV (Det Norske Veritas)

For Structures, Vessels, Pipelines and Divisions.

• LLOYDS

For Structures, Vessels, Pipelines and Divisions.

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 Certificates

• BAM (Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und –prüfung/ Federal

Institute for Materials Research and Testing)
For Pressure vessels- BLEVE (Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour
Explosion)

• ABS (American Bureau of Shipping )-Similar to DNV

For Structures, Vessels, Pipelines and Divisions.

• BV (Bureau Veritas)
For Structures, Vessels, Pipelines and Divisions.

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 Jotachar (No Mesh)
• Jotachar 1709

UL1709 (single and Multi loadings)

CSP (cryogenic spill protection)

• Jotachar JF750

UL1709 (Single loadings)

DNV (Structures and Divisions)
LLOYDS (Structures and Divisions)
BAM (LPG Vessels)

• Jotachar JF750XT

UL1709 (single and Multi loadings)

LLOYDS (Structures and Divisions)
CSP (cryogenic spill protection)

• Jotatherm TB550

Insulation
CSP (cryogenic spill protection)

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