Sustainable Energy for Europe

- INFORSE-Europe Seminar, Brussels -

André Vieira Pinheiro – Brüssel

November 2002

EREF - European Renewable Ene

rgy Federation
 Introduction (I)
About EREF

 A federation made up of national associations of renewable

energy producers, belonging to 10 different countries of the
European Union, that have decided to unite their powers by
creating a European network that defends and promotes ‚green‘
energy

 EREF unites the powers of thousands of European companies,

who work in the field of energy production through the use of
renewable energy sources such as small hydro, wind, tidal,
wave, solar, geothermal and bioenergy

 Associations coming from the sector of non-biological waste

generation are not included in EREF, and will not be invited to
join.
join

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rgy Federation
 Introduction (II)
What has EREF observed?

 That the emissions caused by carbon dioxide and other harmful

gaseous substances impose a great risk on the climate and on
the general welfare

 Conventional energy resources are at risk of being exhausted

within a time period of only a few generations

 Nuclear energy presents inherent risks as much in regards to

safety as to the unsolved problem of radioactive waste

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 •
 The last couple of years renewable energy has experienced a
considerable boom within those countries of the European Union
that have implemented legal standards such as minimum pricing
schemes, purchase obligation and priority access to the grid

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 Introduction (III)
What are our aims?

 Actively support the rapid and sustainable growth of the usage of

renewable energy in Europe, with the hope to at least meet the
fixed objective of the White Book of Renewable Energies

 Promote the expansion of legal mechanisms that work in favour

of renewable energy into the European Union

 Support the establishment of a realistic and fair pricing scheme

on the basis of the European internal market for energy
respecting the principle of subsidiary of each member state

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 Ensure that transmission system operators grant priority access
to the transmission of electricity from renewable energy sources
under standard rules based on objective, transparent and non-
discriminatory criteria

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 European Climate Change
Programme (ECCP)
 since 1991 several climate-related initiatives (e.g. RES-
electricity, voluntary commitments by car makers to
improve fuel economy, proposal for emission trading
scheme etc.)

 Target to cut EU greenhouse gas emissions to 8 %

below 1990 levels by 2008-2012

 June 2000 - launch of the ECCP

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 ECCP - First Phase

 Focus on energy, transport and industry sectors

 Set up of working groups (summer 2000)
 Result: ECCP - report june 2001, identifying 42
possible measures, with emission reduction potential
of about 664 - 765 MtCO2 equivalent
 Action Plan for the ECCP in form of a Communication
from the Commission
 Proposal for ratification of the Kyoto Protocol
 Proposal for Emissions Trading

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 ECCP - Second Phase

 Aims to facilitate and support the actual

implementation of the priorities identified in the first
phase
 Measures:
– Proposal for EU framework for emissions trading (see above)
– Proposal for a Directive on the promotion of biofuels
– Proposal for a Directive to promote combined heat and power
(CHP)

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 Directive 2001/77/EC
of 27 September on the Promotion of Electricity
Produced from Renewable Energy Sources (RES-
directive)

 Follow-up to the 1997 White Paper on RES

 Target of 12% of gross inland energy consumption

from RES for the Community as a whole by 2010, with
electricity representing 22, 1%

 promotion of RES as an essential part of the package

of measures needed to comply with the commitments
made by the EU under the 1997 Kyoto Protocol

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Table: Annex of the RES-directive 2001/77/EC

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 RES-directive
Where do we stand?

 Defintion of renewable energies

(Article 2 lit. a RES-directive)

 National targets for renewables

(Annex of the RES-directive)

 Support mechanism, e.g. Feed-in systems, Quota

system, tendering system
(Article 4 RES directive)

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 RES-directive
What is the expected gap?
 Table

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Table : Scenarios for the uptake of renewably
generated electricity
1999 2001

EU Current scenario Active scenario

Targets 2010
% % % %

AT 72% 78% 63% 63.00%

BE 1% 6% 1% 3.00%

DE 6% 13% 11% 12.00%

DK 13% 29% 23% 32.00%

ES 19% 29% 22% 28.00%

FI 26% 32% 31% 31.00%

FR 15% 21% 13% 16.00%

GR 10% 20% 12% 15.00%

IE 5% 13% 11% 15.00%

IT 17% 25% 17% 18.00%

LU 3% 6% 5% 5.00%

NL 2% 9% 6% 8.50%

PT 36% 39% 27% 38.00%

SE 50% 60% 57% 57.00%

UK 2% 10% 4% 4.00%

EU 14% 22% 15% 17.00%

Sources: calculations based on Ecofys 2002.

Active Policy: results implementing the current policies.
Continued Policy: results assuming that policies will be continued.

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 RES-Directive
What does work and what doesn‘t?
 Support mechanisms
– Feed-in systems
– Quota systems:
 Adminstrative implementation
 Uncertainty about actual invetsment
 Voltaile revenues
 Adminstrative procedures (almost no fast-track-
planning)
 Grid connection

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 RES-directive - Technologies -
White Paper targets for renewable technologies vs. current
situation 1999 Scenario 2010

Imple Active Continued White

Unit mented Policy Policy Paper
Wind GWe 9 37 54 40
Hydro-large (>10 MWe) GWe 85 85 87 91
Hydro-small (<10 MWe) GWe 9 11 12 14
Photovoltaic GWp 0,1 0,5 0,7 3,0
Biomass (fuel input) Mtoe 55 86 118 135
Geothermal: electricity GWe 0,6 0,6 0,9 1,0
Geothermal: heat GWth 1,2 1,8 1,9 5,0
2
Active solar thermal million. m 9 18 28 100

Total electricity production TWhe 364 466 539 675

Total primary energy* Mtoe 85 122 159 182
Share renewable energy % 6% 8% 10% 12%
* Eurostat convention
Source: Ecofys 2002
Active Policy: results implementing the current policies.
Continued Policy: results assuming that policies will be continued .

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 RES-directive
- Conclusions -
 Adopt national feed-in systems when implemeting the
RES-directive

 Remove rigorously all adminstrative barriers for new

renewable electricty generation

 Develop planning guidelines for siting of renewable

energy projects

 Implement guarantee of origin for all electricty sources

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