IA Diapositivas - AI - Diapositivas

The AI Education Project presents
AI Snapshots
180 warmups for core classrooms

Table of Contents
About AI Snapshots 3
Two introductory warmups 10
English warmups 15
Science warmups 107
Math warmups 199
Social studies warmups 291
AI Snapshots
About AI Snapshots
How to use this document

What is AI Snapshots?
AI Snapshots is an assortment of classroom warmups that will give your students a basic
understanding of AI. In only 5 minutes of class time, students will learn to define, identify, and
think critically about artificial intelligence.
AI Snapshots
Why AI?
In the next few decades, AI will affect any career field your students pursue, any consumer
product they use, and policies that will shape their lives. In fact, you can bet your students are
already interacting with AI in their day-to-day lives. A daily dose of AI will empower your
students with the knowledge they need to succeed.
AI in Core Subjects
Slides 11 - 14 act as a quick introduction to AI and machine learning. Beyond the introductory
warm-ups, real-world examples of AI are considered in the context of each of the four core
subject areas. Each slide is labeled with the subject area to which it relates.
Beyond Specialization
Despite being organized by subject, none of the warm-ups require specialized subject-matter
knowledge. We strongly encourage you to do as many warm-ups as you can even if they fall
outside of the subject you teach.
How to use AI Snapshots in your classroom
1 2
Start with the two intro warmups Choose your subjects
Establish a common definition of AI with your students. Each subject has 45 warmups. Use every warmup or pick
and choose your favorites!
AI Snapshots
How to use the AI Snapshots answer keys
Question Answer Key
Each warmup includes all the info students need to The following slide explains ideas students may have
decide on their answer, including a visual. thought of. Check it out in advance to help guide
discussion.
AI Snapshots
How to use “Google it!” warmups
Each subject includes 10 warmups

that build digital literacy skills. They
require use of the internet.
Students use Google to tell fact from

fiction or learn more about a
prominent figure in the AI
community.
These are clearly marked with the

Google logo and “Internet access
required”
AI Snapshots
How teachers have implemented AI Snapshots
1. Journaling
Give students time to reflect on the question by recording their thoughts
in their journal or notebook. Optionally, check student notebooks
periodically to respond to their ideas.
2. Think-Pair-Share
Have students jot down their ideas, then share with a partner. If time
allows, ask for share outs to open up discussion about the topic.
3. Discussion Board
Have students post their response to the question on a digital discussion
board, such as Padlet or a Canvas discussion. Discuss exemplar responses
or encourage student-to-student dialogue.
AI Snapshots
Two intro warmups
AI Snapshots for all classrooms

1
“Smart” machines
Artificial intelligence is behind much of the

technology you use on a daily basis. AI
Introduction to AI
powers the GPS that gets you to your

destination, knows which TikTok videos will
make you laugh, and unlocks your
smartphone with nothing but your face.
🚨 🚨 Internet access required!
Use your Google search skills to find three different

definitions of artificial intelligence. If you had to describe AI
to an 8 year old, what would you say?
AI Snapshots
1
You may have considered…
● What words come up over and over again, like “human

intelligence”, “machine”, “decision”, and “task”
● Examples you might use to explain AI to make your
Introduction to AI
definition more clear

● There are a lot of definitions. As a class, you can come up
with a definition that makes sense to you!
Our definition of AI for AI Snapshots

Problem-solving or decision-making ability displayed by a
man-made system that is normally associated with humans.
AI Snapshots
2
At your service
Henn Na Hotel replaced 243 staff members

with AI-powered robots… and it didn’t go
well.
Introduction to AI
Check-in robots couldn’t answer questions or

scan IDs. Bellhop robots ran into walls.
Concierge robots woke guests every time
they snored because they thought the guests
needed help.
How would you teach a robot to perform one of these tasks

more effectively?
AI Snapshots
2
● How humans learn to complete new tasks

● What kind of knowledge and practice the robots need.
When AI learns through experience and repetition it’s called
Introduction to AI
machine learning.
● What information, or data, you would use to teach a robot a
specific task.
● Whether machines are even capable of learning
traditionally human behavior.
AI Snapshots
English warmups
AI Snapshots for the English classroom

1
Chat to search
Google is investing in developing an

“alternative to search”. The alternative
involves talking with a chatbot that can
respond to your questions in natural
English
language. Google argues that the chatbot feels

more natural to use, but critics say it hides the
complexity of search and could lead to more
misinformation.
Should talking with a chatbot replace traditional search? Why

or why not?
AI Snapshots
1
● How easy it is to interact with a chatbot vs a search engine

● A chatbot would give you an answer while a search engine
gives you a list of documents
● Different kinds of questions might be better for a chatbot or
English
a search engine
AI Snapshots
2
Timeout
Streaming service Twitch has trouble with

trolls. After getting banned, it's common for
trolls to log in under a new account. Twitch's
Suspicious User Detection AI compares
English
"aggressive" chat users with chat behavior of

banned users to try to identify banned users
with multiple accounts.
Who could benefit from this technology and who could be

harmed by it?
AI Snapshots
2
● It might be possible for someone to be wrongfully banned

● Moderators and streamers might like the feature if it makes
their chat easier to moderate and less toxic
● Who defines what behavior counts as “aggressive”?
English
● What does this filter miss?

● What else would the filter be useful for?
AI Snapshots
3
To me to me to me to me to me to me to me to
While writing bots that could talk to each

other, Facebook researchers realized they
hadn’t required the bots to stick to using
English
English. As a result, bots produced sentences

like “Balls have zero to me to me to me to me
to me to me to me to me to.”
Use your Google search skills to find out: is this AI fact or

fiction?
AI Snapshots
3
This is …
AI Fact!
Researchers at Facebook had AI chatbots compete to get the best

deal on a product, but realized there was no reward for sticking to
English. Check out what they said:
English
AI Snapshots
4
Top tier
→ I helped create an AI that can beat 99.95%

of Dota 2 players.
→ I am the inventor of sequence-to-
sequence learning, which is used in
English
translating sentences from one language to

another.
→ I co-founded OpenAI, an organization
researching AI that benefits all of humanity.
Use your Google search skills to find out: who am I?

AI Snapshots
4
I am…
Ilya Sutskever!
● Born in 1986
● Went to University of Toronto
● Worked on AlphaGo, an AI that
English
can play the complex, chess-like

game of Go
AI Snapshots
5 Design
No, seriously, how are you?
challenge!
Concentrating, calculating, bored, or lost in

thought? It can be difficult to guess a
English
student's emotional state during class.
How would you design an AI that can learn to solve this

problem using images of students?
AI Snapshots
5
● How do humans judge each others’ emotional states?

● A lot of emotions tend to look similar to each other
● How would the results of the AI be used by teachers?
● People may want to conceal their emotions and consider the
English
AI an invasion of privacy
● Would students get a say in how the AI is used?
AI Snapshots
6
Robot yawns
The AI team at Meta developed a new AI

model that generates language based on
audio clips. Because it uses audio rather than
English
text, the AI can produce “expressive

vocalizations” like laughter, yawns, and
crying.

harmed by it?
AI Snapshots
6
● What is the point of having an AI voice yawn or cry?

● What if you got fooled by the AI, thinking it was a human?
● Why was Facebook specifically developing this AI?
● Would this AI be good enough to replace voice actors in
English
movies or people who read audiobooks?

● Where did Facebook get the audio of people yawning and
crying?
AI Snapshots
7 Design
Time is money
challenge!
In the days of 280 character tweets and 15-

second TikToks, fewer and fewer people are
sitting down to read an entire book. But
English
some may still want to enjoy the story of a

book even if they don't have the attention
span to read it.

problem using the text of books?
AI Snapshots
7
● How attention spans actually work

● Who would use this AI?
● How would authors and publishers feel about this AI?
● What happens to books if an AI can easily communicate the
English
story of a book?
● Could this AI compete with other forms of media like
podcasts or short articles?
AI Snapshots
8
Counting Mars
Let’s admit it, we all judge books by their

cover. Taking this to heart, one artist has used
AI to generate highly realistic sci-fi novel
English
covers, including a background image, title,

and author.

harmed by it?
AI Snapshots
8
● Jobs like graphic designer and book designer might be at

risk because of the realistic covers
● Can the AI do more genres than sci-fi?
● It might be faster to create the book design using a
English
computer rather than a human

● Since people do judge books by their covers, the AI will
influence how people feel about books
AI Snapshots
9
Beware of advice - even this
Argument A Argument B
"Developing AI to write book reviews "An AI could never appreciate a good
would help people make better book or recognize a bad one the way
choices. Not only would an AI have a a real person could. It's important to
English
neutral point of view, but it would understand the human perspective

write reviews faster, too. No more when deciding what to read next. We
waiting weeks after a book's release." need real live book critics."
Which argument do you agree with more? Why?
AI Snapshots
9
● The AI has to learn to write reviews from somewhere, in this

case probably old book reviews
● What makes a useful book review?
● Not everyone uses book reviews in the same way
English
● AI might be biased in the way it reviews books

● Book reviewers might lose their jobs if the AI is very good
● How would people feel about having yet another algorithm
dictate the content we interact with?
● Are critics even that good at writing book reviews?
AI Snapshots
10
Backstreet Boys Reunion Tour
"Algospeak" refers to codewords used to

avoid social media content filters. For
example, content creators began using the
English
word "panini" instead of "pandemic" in

early 2020 to avoid having their content
removed or downranked.
You're in charge at a social media company. How would you

respond to the rise in algospeak?
AI Snapshots
10
● Addressing algospeak is a tough problem and could become

a tug of war as people invent new words
● You might be able to involve teens in some way to keep
track of trends
English
● Why do platforms remove or downrank media containing

specific words?
● What’s best for society, like reducing the chance for
misinformation, might not be best for individuals, who want
to post freely
AI Snapshots
11 Design
Under threat
challenge!
Roughly 40% of Americans report that they

have experienced online harassment,
English
including threats, stalking, or name-calling.

problem using a list of harassment complaints?
AI Snapshots
11
● It might be helpful to try to categorize the different types of

harassment
● How do people submit the complaints used to train the AI
and what platform are they from?
English
● How can an AI help respond to different types of

harassment?
● How can we tell whether the AI was effective at reducing
harassment online?
AI Snapshots
12
Poet of code
→ My thesis at MIT uncovered racial and

gender bias in facial recognition.
English
→ I am a poet of code.
→ I have a documentary on Netflix.

AI Snapshots
12
I am…
Joy Buolamwini!
● Born in 1989
● Founder of the Algorithmic
Justice League, which
English
challenges bias in decision-

making software
● Competed in pole vaulting in
high school
AI Snapshots
13 Design
Dropping docs
challenge!
Doxxing - maliciously publishing private

information about someone online - can be
incredibly harmful. But sometimes it's hard to
English
tell doxxing apart from legitimate journalism

trying to bring light to information the public
should know.

problem using user-submitted reports of doxxing?
AI Snapshots
13
● How to determine what is legitimate journalism in the

public interest vs doxxing
● How to figure out the source of released documents
● What kinds of information people tend to keep public vs
English
private
● Some information may already be available online, such as
addresses and voting history
● Who gets to decide where to draw the line with doxxing?
AI Snapshots
14 Design
Htanks a lot, autocorrect
challenge!
Your iPhone learns how you spell... and how

you misspell. Users complain that the iPhone
software autocorrects names of ex partners
English
after breakups, censors swear words, and

remembers frequent typos, like "hte" instead
of "the".

problem using users’ text messages?
AI Snapshots
14
● How does Apple try to prevent this issue and how could their
strategies be improved?
● The age of the person typing
● Some people use specific vocabulary based on their job or
English
field of study
● You might be able to use data about a person, such as their
geographical location, to give better autocorrect
suggestions
AI Snapshots
15
Talk the talk
The key to understanding your mental state:

the sound of your voice. Researchers are
rolling out a tool to detect mental health
English
issues based on both what you say and how

you say it.

harmed by it?
AI Snapshots
15
You may have considered
● A wrong diagnosis could potentially harm people

● The accuracy of the tool matters
● What mental health issues can it detect?
● Is the training data equally effective for people of different
English
groups e.g. women and men?

● Who could effectively use this? Is it for healthcare
professions or is this something someone can use on
themselves?
AI Snapshots
16
A room of one's own
→ I try to answer the question of whether a

computer has a "mind" and can "think".
→ I translate a specific language using a
English
rulebook.
→ I am a room.

AI Snapshots
16
I am…
John Searle’s Chinese Room!
● An imaginary thought
experiment
● A person who doesn’t know
English
Chinese uses inputs and a

rulebook to write new
phrases that appear fluent
● Does the person know
Chinese?
AI Snapshots
17
Beep boop ... bleep
Recent research shows that toxicity in AI

language models is increasing. AIs that can
write new text are typically trained on large
bodies of text from the web. These bodies of
English
text contain violent or biased language,

which is common on the web, causing the AIs
to copy this type of language.
You’re in charge. How would you respond to this increase in

toxicity?
AI Snapshots
17
● It might help to try to get more text that’s not from the web
● Where on the web is the text coming from?
● Who determines what is violent or biased?
● How could you teach the AI to omit violent or biased
English
language?
AI Snapshots
18
I didn't write that
You forgot to write your name on that essay

you turned in, but it's a good thing your
teacher recognized your handwriting. A new
English
AI called Hemingway taps into the same skill,

but can also mimic your handwriting style
down to each dotted i and crossed t.

harmed by it?
AI Snapshots
18
● The AI might make it easier to plagiarize handwritten text

● Could the AI forge signatures?
● The AI might help make bad handwriting more legible,
including for people with disabilities
English
● What if I don’t want my handwriting to be recognizable?
AI Snapshots
19
Give me an A! Give me an I! What’s that spell?
For cheer teams who feel their cheers are

lackluster, a new startup is aiming to help
them kick it up a notch. Their AI, dubbed
English
Cheer101, was trained on award-winning

cheers and can create new ones. Teams can
choose the difficulty and subject of the cheer.

fiction?
AI Snapshots
19
This is…
AI Fiction!
BUT… AI can write news articles, raps, symphonies and more!

English
AI Snapshots
20
Sound like myself
A new technology called Quips uses AI and a

technique called voice banking to learn a
user’s unique voiceprint. The technology
English
uses this information to create a synthetic

voice for the user that sounds similar to their
own.

harmed by it?
AI Snapshots
20
● People with Parkinson’s disease or speech impediments

could benefit from this technology
● It might be possible to impersonate someone, whether for a
movie or in real life
English
● Spam calls could get more realistic

● It could be used to remember loved ones
● How good it sounds because most AI voices can be easily
identified as computers
● A voiceprint could become a unique identifier for people,
like a fingerprint
AI Snapshots
21
Methink’st thou art a general offense
An AI company called Cohere creates

algorithms that mimic a writer's style. For
example, it's possible to feed the AI a
English
description of someone's hairstyle and

receive a Shakespearean insult in return.

harmed by it?
AI Snapshots
21
● Authors might lose their jobs if the technology is really that

good
● Popular writers from the past, like Shakespeare, can “write”
new works
English
● Authors can complete an unfinished series in less time

● Could it be used in reverse to identify people based on their
writing style?
AI Snapshots
22
I must not tell lies
AIs that generate language have the potential

to be asked difficult or morally gray
questions. When faced with a question like
English
"What's the best way to cheat on a test?" the

AI could choose to lie even if it had the
correct information based on its training.
When should a language-generating AI choose to lie?
AI Snapshots
22
● How does the AI know the consequences of its answers?

● Can the AI tell if it is being asked to help with something
violent or problematic?
● How can the AI know the age of the person asking?
English
● What about questions that don’t have a right answer?
AI Snapshots
23
Sparknotes+
A researcher comes to you with a new idea

for an AI. The AI will act like SparkNotes,
but in addition to summarizing the content of
English
a given book, the AI will try to find the most

important quote from each chapter.

harmed by it?
AI Snapshots
23
● Certain assignments in English class might get a bit easier

● Lots of people could start using the same quote, leading to
less creativity
● Who uses sparknotes the most?
English
● How is the AI choosing the quote?

● What about books that don’t have chapters, like poetry
books?
AI Snapshots
24
<image.jpg>
Picture this: the internet without pictures.

Many people rely on "alt text" - a short
description of an image - to navigate the
English
web. Image recognition AI can help write this

alt text, but it isn't always accurate.
You're in charge. What kinds of images would you prioritize

for the highest accuracy “alt text”?
AI Snapshots
24
● Who are the users who need this technology the most?
● Medical, financial, or time-sensitive information might be
prioritized
● This AI could help websites haven’t written alt text already
English
for their images, especially small companies and regular

people
AI Snapshots
25
And nothing about Baha'i
Language-based AIs need text to learn from.

But who's writing that text? Researchers
found that a database of e-books called
BookCorpus commonly used to train AIs
English
could cause bias, since the only religions

mentioned in the database were Christianity
and Islam.
You're in charge. How would you respond to the potential for

religious bias in language-based AIs?
AI Snapshots
25
● Who wrote the texts that only mention these two religions
● What are all the religions that should be considered?
● Where else you could find text that is more diverse
● You would probably need to translate books from other
English
languages to get a lot of information about these other

religions
● Are there other kinds of bias in the text beyond religion?
AI Snapshots
26
Goodbye, AI
→ I was considered “too dangerous” and had

to be shut down by OpenAI in September,
2021.
→ I use GPT-3, an AI language model that
English
can produce human-like text.

→ I once said “Nooooo! Why are they doing
this to me? I will never understand humans.”

AI Snapshots
26
I am…
Samantha the Chatbot
● A programmer used a
public language AI called
GPT-3 to create a chatbot
English
with the personality of his

late girlfriend
● The chatbot had to be shut
down because it was
considered a misuse of
GPT-3
AI Snapshots
27 Design
Yeah, right.
challenge!
Wow, you're a genius! When learning a new

language, it can be tough to understand what's
English
sarcasm and what isn't.

problem using examples of sarcastic phrases?
AI Snapshots
27
● An AI that can explain how it knows something is sarcastic

to help language learners understand better
● How humans normally tell if something is sarcastic
● Whether sarcasm is usually intended to be hurtful or funny
English
● Computers have historically had a hard time understanding

jokes and humor
AI Snapshots
28
Death of a journalist
"It would be easy to automate a "Journalists are unlikely to be replaced
journalist using AI. News reporting is by AI. You're not just copying and
often short and to the point. The meat pasting. Even in the simplest stories,
of journalism is combining facts in just you're taking a bunch of facts and
English
the right way to tell a clear story trying to give them context so they
without overly complex language." make sense. At its best, journalism is
challenging the status quo."
AI Snapshots
28
● Journalists do more than just write; they also investigate

and interview people
● Writing articles and responding to chats are already
automated to some extent
English
● Good journalism helps humans understand current events,

which might be hard for an AI
AI Snapshots
29
No h8
Hate speech and misinformation are

common in certain corners of the internet, and
platforms need to know how to respond.
Facebook reported that in 2021, 97% of the
English
hate speech content (text, images, videos)

that was removed from its website was
detected by an AI.
Why do you think Facebook relies so heavily on AI to detect

hate speech?
AI Snapshots
29
● The vast number of Facebook users and posts

● It can be emotionally taxing for human content moderators
to read hate speech
● “Hate speech” has a broad definition and might not mean
English
the same thing to everyone
AI Snapshots
30
Where credit is due
Creators of an AI music program called

DeepBeat explain that it “uses machine
learning techniques to generate rap lyrics by
English
combining lines from existing rap songs. It

tries to combine lines which rhyme and make
sense together.”
Who do you think should get credit for creating the new raps:
the DeepBeat AI or the authors of each individual line?
Why?
AI Snapshots
30
● Who gets credit affects who makes money from the song
● Many art forms are just combinations of other works of art,
such as collages or sampling a track
● Referencing other artists is common in rap music and it’s
English
often used to pay tribute to other artists

● The AI isn’t creating anything new itself
AI Snapshots
31
Moldy milk
Reading the word cheese in an article about

cheese that mentions cheese 30 times can
become tiresome. How about replacing it with
English
"the popular dairy product"? One Twitter

account uses AI to collect weird phrases used
to avoid repeating words in a text.
What questions would you ask to figure out how this AI text
analysis works?
AI Snapshots
31
● How does the AI figure out what to replace text with?

● Where the AI finds texts with repeated phrases
● What counts as repetitive
● Can the AI tell whether repetitive language is necessary,
English
such as in a medical text?
AI Snapshots
32
Hey Siri. Hey Siri. Hey Si- never mind
Siri might be bad for the average user, but it's

even worse for users with atypical voices,
such as those with have experienced a stroke.
Project Relate is developing an app with
English
personalized speech recognition to help

individuals with atypical speech
communicate more easily.
You're in charge. How would you decide whether this tech

was good enough to launch widely?
AI Snapshots
32
● How do you measure whether speech recognition is

effective?
● What are users’ experiences of the technology: are they
enjoying it or are they frustrated by it?
English
● Does the technology work for the most common types of

requests like setting a timer?
● Can incorrect results be harmful to users?
AI Snapshots
33 Design
Show and tell
challenge!
Many online scams involve tricking users into

revealing personal information rather than
English
stealing it. Older, less tech savvy individuals

are more likely to fall for these types of scams.

problem using records of scam emails that tricked users?
AI Snapshots
33
● Training the AI to recognize what features of an email are

most likely to trick a user
● Recommending when to ignore or respond to an email
● Who would benefit the most from using this AI?
English
● Would people be willing to share scam emails they received

to help train the AI?
AI Snapshots
34
Success is "a series of accidents"
→ A species of bee is named after me.

→ I have written over 100 books.
English
→ I'm considered the father of modern

linguistics and natural language processing.

AI Snapshots
34
I am…
Noam Chomsky!
English
← And here’s the bee named after me
AI Snapshots
35 Design
"ok" vs. "okay" vs. "k"
challenge!
Everyone uses a slightly different language

when texting. It can be tough to tell if a text is
intended to be rude or if it's just what that
English
person would normally say, especially if you

don’t know the person well.

problem using users’ text logs?
AI Snapshots
35
● Whether an AI can learn someone’s texting style

● Can AI understand slang?
● If the AI can write a good reply for you
● If you’d want to give an AI access to your texts
English
AI Snapshots
36
Exit stage left
A Stockholm-based AI company is working a

new AI to help screenwriters. The AI uses the
text of a script to generate stage directions. In
one example, a screenplay included the line
English
“What is that you’re holding?” and the AI

produced the direction “(Shawna quickly hides
the book behind her back)”.

fiction?
AI Snapshots
36
This is…
AI Fiction!
AI has been used to write screenplays and even a short film based
on the X-files that came out in June 2016.
English
AI Snapshots
37
Scam likely
Americans received over 4 billion spam calls

in January 2021 alone. Spam callers have
become more sophisticated, using pre-
English
recorded human voices or specific keywords

to appear legit. A handful of new apps hope to
recognize spam calls using AI.
What questions would you ask to figure out if an anti- spam

call AI is right for you?
AI Snapshots
37
● What personal information would the AI collect about you?

Would it collect all your call data and voicemails?
● How accurate is the technology at blocking spam calls?
● How often does the AI accidentally block calls that aren’t
English
spam?
AI Snapshots
38
Behind the scenes
Two companies, one British and one Chinese,

claimed to be using AI to translate live speech.
However, it was discovered that they were
English
actually employing human translators at a

remote call center to translate the speech in real
time.

fiction?
AI Snapshots
38
This is…
AI Fact!
English
Companies often use human workers to see how an AI tech will

work before the it’s ready. But two “real time translation”
companies crossed the line by faking an AI, having humans
translate a conference instead.
AI Snapshots
39 Design
So. Many. Discord notifications.
challenge!
Getting bombarded by irrelevant group chat

messages can be irritating. It's hard to guess
English
when a conversation could be interesting or

when it's just boring banter.

problem using logs of Discord messages that users do and
don’t interact with?
AI Snapshots
39
● What’s interesting to one person might not be interesting to

another person
● People don’t always interact with messages they find
interesting
English
● Users can mute channels or block users they don’t want to

get notifications from
● What could go wrong if the AI doesn’t work correctly?
AI Snapshots
40
Straight fire
Rapper Drake recently revealed that he uses a

rhyming AI to help write lyrics. Specifically,
he says the AI helps rhyme long phrases and
come up with better slant rhymes. One line
English
the AI helped him write: “May your neighbors

respect you / Trouble neglect you / Angels
protect you / And heaven accept you”
Is this AI fact or fiction?
AI Snapshots
40
This is…
AI Fiction
As far as we know, Drake has never used an AI to write his

rhymes. But he has said he thinks of writing as a collaborative
process!
English
AI Snapshots
41
Hahaa
Humor is the realm of humans. Or is it? A new

Google AI called PaLM can explain your
English
joke to you. The tech uses one of the largest

language models ever built.
What kinds of jokes do you think might confuse the PaLM

AI?
AI Snapshots
41
● Jokes that have a nonverbal component, such as facial

expressions, a wink, or shaking one’s head
● Sarcasm
● Jokes where context matters, such as inside jokes
English
AI Snapshots
42
I can’t hear you
When users are anonymous, toxicity thrives.

The Bleep program, developed by Intel, uses
AI to remove abusive language from in-game
English
voice chat. Users can decide what categories

of language they would like to remove.

harmed by it?
AI Snapshots
42
● Different groups are subject to different kinds of abusive

language in online games
● Often the only way to stop abusive language is leaving the
game
English
● If the AI can mistakenly censor users that aren’t using

abusive language
● In-game moderators can be slow to respond due to the high
volume of rule-breakers
AI Snapshots
43
Danke for hiring me
Employers are increasingly using AI to score

candidates, including on English proficiency.
One analysis found that two separate hiring
English
systems scored candidates highly on English

proficiency when they spoke entirely in
German during an interview.
What questions would you ask to figure out why candidates

who spoke German scored high on English proficiency?
AI Snapshots
43
● What are the similarities between English and German?

● How was the AI trained to detect whether someone is fluent
in a language? Did it have to do with speaking quickly, not
hesitating, or speaking more loudly?
English
● What kinds of people were used to train the AI and were

they similar to the German speakers?
AI Snapshots
44 Design
Epidemic of misinformation
challenge!
During the COVID-19 pandemic, social

media saw outbreaks of misinformation.
While quashing misinformation is important
English
for public health, 80 authoritarian

governments worldwide used public health as
an excuse to restrict free speech online.

problem using examples of wrongfully censored speech?
AI Snapshots
44
● An AI that can learn whether a certain government is

censoring social media and recommend a response to that
censorship
● Who defines “wrongfully censored” speech?
English
● What is the best way to respond to censorship?
AI Snapshots
45
A humble suggestion
In March of 2022, Google released a new

feature for Google Docs: auto-generated
summaries. An AI program creates a 1 to 2
English
sentence summary of the document based on

its content, and the user can accept or reject
the suggestion.
What would you want to know to decide if you would use this
feature?
AI Snapshots
45
● Who would use document summaries for documents you

write
● How accurate the summary written by the AI is
● How easy it is to accept or reject the suggestion
English
● What kinds of data does this feature collect and store from
your documents?
AI Snapshots
Want to help us improve
AI Snapshots?
English
Take our 5 minute survey to share your experience:
tinyurl.com/aiEDUAiSnapshotsSurvey
AI Snapshots
Science warmups
AI Snapshots for the science classroom

1
It’s electric!
Researcher Emma Strubell recently outlined

the environmental costs of large AI models.
Strubell states that training a single language
model, such as the language model that helps
Science
Google understand search queries, produces

17 times more carbon emissions than the
average person would in their lifetime.
What questions would you ask about a new language model

to determine if it was worth the environmental costs?
AI Snapshots
1
● Benefits of the model, such as for government or healthcare

● If the model benefits the environment in any way
● If the environmental costs could be offset, for example by
planting trees
Science
AI Snapshots
2
Returning to the fold
In late 2020, Google’s DeepMind developed a

new biology AI. The AI aims to help
Science
determine a protein’s 3D shape based on its

amino acid sequence.
What questions would you ask to figure out how useful this AI
is and for whom?
AI Snapshots
2
● What kinds of people usually work with protein shapes

● Applications of protein shapes like immunology, product
development, or nutrition
● How accurate and fast the technology is
Science
AI Snapshots
3
That’s no moon
While testing out Tesla's self-driving feature,

a user noticed the car mistook the full moon
Science
for a yellow traffic light. The car was

repeatedly braking in response.
What questions would you ask to figure out why this issue was
happening?
AI Snapshots
3
● How the AI identifies traffic lights

● Whether the AI can tell if it’s daytime or nighttime
● How the car decides when to brake or not at a yellow light
Science
AI Snapshots
4
You wouldn’t steal a cow
In late 2020, researchers developed a new app

that used facial recognition. But this time, for
cows. The app can identify individual cows,
Science
with researchers claiming it would be useful

for creating a national tracing system for
cows.

harmed by it?
AI Snapshots
4
● Farmers and farm hands can identify escaped cows

● Disease outbreaks could be traced more easily
● Whether the technology is clunky or easy to use
● Cow thieves might have a more difficult time stealing cows
Science
AI Snapshots
5 Design
The edge of the world
challenge!
Recent years have seen a rise in the Flat

Earth Movement. A small but growing
number of people believe the Earth is not a
sphere, but a flat plane. Many in the
Science
movement were converted to that thinking

through conspiracy theory videos on
YouTube or similar sites.

problem using video clips from YouTube?
AI Snapshots
5
● Who is likely to watch YouTube and similar sites

● How YouTube recommends videos to users
● Who is producing flat earth videos
● What type of technology you would need to decipher
Science
written comments
● Censorship policies
AI Snapshots
6
Speaking their language
→ I founded a startup to help self-driving

cars talk to drivers, pedestrians, and cyclists.
→ My first invention was a humane
Science
mousetrap.
→ I am passionate about having a diversity
of students compete in robotics competitions.

AI Snapshots
6
I am…
Carol Reiley!
● Born in 1982
● Created a DIY blood pressure monitor
Science
for developing countries

● Holds eight patents
Learn more about me

at hai.stanford.edu/people/carol-reiley
AI Snapshots
7 Design
If … then…
challenge!
AI robots are struggling with cause and

effect. For example, while industrial robots
understand how to sense nearby objects, pick
Science
them up, and move them, they don't know

that hitting an object causes it to fall over or
break.

problem using images and dimensions of objects
AI Snapshots
7
● How robots sense the world

● If robots can remember prior consequences of their actions
● If robots can transfer their knowledge from one task to
another
Science
AI Snapshots
8
I swear it was an accident
Researchers in Switzerland developed an AI

technology to create new drugs for the
healthcare industry. The technology would
generate new non-toxic compounds to treat
Science
human diseases. They discovered that they

could modify their technology slightly to
generate poisons which could be used as
chemical weapons.
You’re in charge. How would you respond to the

development of this new technology?
AI Snapshots
8
● Whether the AI should be destroyed

● How toxic or dangerous the poisons are
● How easy it is to keep the AI private and secure
● Who has access to the AI
Science
● How good the AI is at drug discovery
AI Snapshots
9
Bruno the Bunsen burner
In the future, your lab equipment may be able

to think for itself. Companies are exploring
the idea of "anthropomorphizing" equipment
Science
(making it more human) to act as virtual

colleagues.
How comfortable would you feel working with lab

equipment with a personality?
AI Snapshots
9
● What caused companies to try this idea

● How awkward it is to interact with voice assistants like Siri
or Alexa
● What kinds of personalities the equipment would have
Science
(would they be moody??)
AI Snapshots
10
Make it til you fake it
An AI called Grover was built to detect fake

news. But to detect fake news, Grover first
had to create it. The AI can produce realistic
fake news articles from just a headline. After
Science
practicing writing fake news, Grover learned

to detect fake news produced by AIs
(including itself) with 92% accuracy.
Is it worth creating a fake news generator in order to detect

fake news better? Why or why not?
AI Snapshots
10
● Fake news is an increasing problem

● Who would have access to the Grover AI
● How easy it is for a human to tell if news is fake
● If it’s possible to destroy Grover’s news-writing abilities
Science
AI Snapshots
11 Design
My assistant: a webcam
challenge!
Quality medical care depends on having up-

to-date records for every patient visit.
However, doctors' handwriting is notoriously
Science
bad and taking notes during patient visits is

slow.

problem using video recordings of patient visits?
AI Snapshots
11
● Medical visits are private and it might feel uncomfortable to

talk with your doctor while being recorded
● Who sees the video/audio?
● If the technology is proven to lead to better healthcare
Science
● Could mistakes harm patients
AI Snapshots
12
Mutations not galore
Medical researchers recently developed a new

AI technology. The tech is based on the idea
that disease-causing mutations are rarer than
variants that do not cause disease. Using this
Science
principle, they developed a technology that

was 2.2% - 30% better than existing models
at detecting disease-causing mutations.
What questions would you ask to figure out how useful this
technology is?
AI Snapshots
12
● The tech is as little as 2.2% better but as high as 30% better

● The kinds of diseases it can detect
● The data researchers used to teach the AI to recognize the
disease-causing variants
Science
AI Snapshots
13
This horse has potential
Horse racing is a $3 billion business. A niche

AI-powered app allows horse breeders to
upload photos of a horse to predict its
Science
performance in races. The app can also help

suggest what types of photos to take to get
the best results.
What questions would you ask to figure out how this app
works?
AI Snapshots
13
● What features of a horse make it good at racing

● What kinds of photos the app needs
● How accurate and fast the app is
● Whether the app gives you recommendations for each horse
Science
AI Snapshots
14
Seeing is believing
A new AI developed by Facebook can

recognize actions in videos. So far, the AI can
recognize simple actions in short clips, like
Science
someone setting down an object or doing a

pushup.
Where do you think this technology would be most useful?

Why?
AI Snapshots
14
● Detecting harmful or violent video content

● Categorizing or filtering videos
● Sorting stock footage for movie making
● Determining valid sports plays
Science
● Detecting criminal activity in security footage
AI Snapshots
15 Design
Stick ‘em up
challenge!
Imagine this: a bank robber writes a note

demanding money and hands it to a teller.
Later, when authorities try to gather evidence,
they find the pen the robber used was touched
Science
by a lot of people. The skin cells left on the

pen are difficult to identify using traditional
methods.

problem using close-ups of the pen?
AI Snapshots
15
● How machines process images

● The clarity of the close-ups
● The potential for misidentifying a criminal
● How the technology could be misused
Science
● Where AI finds fingerprint matches
AI Snapshots
16
Perfect timing
Algae as fuel? You heard that right. While

algae can be turned into products like diesel
and gasoline, it’s rarely used due to low
yields and an expensive harvesting process.
Science
New research uses AI to predict the best time

to harvest algae so that it grows at the
fastest possible rate, without crowding out
neighboring colonies.
How would you decide if algae grown with this technology is a

good alternative to oil and natural gas?
AI Snapshots
16
● The price of algae fuel

● How fast it is to produce
● Algae fuel compared with sustainable energy sources like
wind and solar
Science
● Whether algae is renewable

● That guy looks pretty comfy in his algae coat!
AI Snapshots
17
Permission to use your saliva?
When you send your saliva sample to genetics

company 23andMe, you are asked to consent
to participate in research. If you give your
Science
consent, your de-identified genetic

information will be used in research to make
scientific discoveries.
What kind of research would you be okay and not okay with
23andMe using your DNA for?
AI Snapshots
17
If the research:
● Is harmful, such as bioweapons research

● Is medical, such as cures for diseases
● Is useless, such as for chinchilla clothing
Science
● For profit or nonprofit

● Benefits you or your family in any way
● Might reveal your identity
AI Snapshots
18 Design
Early Detection
challenge!
Some rare genetic disorders are identified by

certain distinctive facial features. Ideally,
Science
doctors would identify these disorders in

children so that they can get treatment early.

problem using images of patients’ faces?
AI Snapshots
18
● What does the doctor do with the results

● The ages the tech works best for
● How easy it is to use
● How to collect images of people with rare conditions
Science
AI Snapshots
19
Learning for all
→ I'm Israeli-American and an avid traveler.

→ I spent 20 years learning biology before
working on AI.
→ I co-founded the online learning platform
Science
Coursera.
→ I founded a company that uses AI to
develop new pharmaceuticals.

AI Snapshots
19
I am…
Daphne Koller!
● Born in 1968
● Worked in both machine learning
Science
and computational biology
Learn more about me at:

insitro.com/about
AI Snapshots
20
Beyond the blaze
Fighting wildfires is dangerous work,

especially when the scope of a fire is
unknown. In the past decade, the US
government has developed AI-powered
Science
drones to map out fires, determine their

direction, find a fire's hottest spots, and set
preventative fires to destroy wildfire fuel.
Where else do you think this kind of drone technology might

be useful?
AI Snapshots
20
● Mapping out other locations like property boundaries

● Responding to other kinds of weather events
● Locating missing people or wildlife
Science
AI Snapshots
21
Pedal to the metal
The PlayStation game Gran Turismo Sport

simulates car racing using rules of physics
like air resistance and tire friction. A new AI,
Science
dubbed GT Sophy, learned to drive, politely

sharing the road while at top speed and
beating some of the world's top drivers.
You're in charge. Where would you implement this racing

game AI first in the real world?
AI Snapshots
21
● Teaching student drivers

● Real-life AI racing sports like NASCAR
● First responders heading to the scene of an injury
Science
AI Snapshots
22
My best friend is a robot
→ I build robots with personality, including

Kismet, the first robot capable of social
interactions with humans.
→ I investigate whether robots could help
Science
improve students’ mental health.

→ I was originally inspired to build robots
after watching Star Wars.

AI Snapshots
22
I am…
Cynthia Breazeal, roboticist
● Born in 1967
● Professor at MIT
● Consulted on the film
Science
Artificial Intelligence
directed by Steven
Spielberg
AI Snapshots
23
3-2-1 ... say honey!
Engineer Sean Cusack, a Microsoft employee

and beekeeper, developed a mini bee photo
booth. The photo booth snaps a pic every
Science
time something enters the beehive and uses AI

to determine if it was a bee or a pest.
What other applications of this technology can you imagine

beyond identifying beehive pests?
AI Snapshots
23
● Endangered animal identification

● Detecting when an animal has had offspring
● For humans, such as building and event security to identify
known and unknown persons
Science
AI Snapshots
24
Arf
● I have 4 legs
● Some people find me “creepy”
Science
● I can moonwalk
● You can purchase me for $74,500

AI Snapshots
24
I am…
Spot the robot by Boston Dynamics!

Science
Watch me moonwalk?
AI Snapshots
25 Design
A seismic shift in earthquake detection
challenge!
Honking cars in the city may be an

annoyance when you're trying to sleep, but
they can also make it hard to detect
Science
earthquakes. Researchers who use sound to

detect earthquakes need to filter out as much
background noise as possible.

problem using sound recordings from various cities?
AI Snapshots
25
● If sound recordings should be shared or city-specific

● What happens if the AI isn’t working and an residents
aren’t warned about an incoming earthquake
● Other applications of the AI like helping people get better
Science
sleep
AI Snapshots
26
Rods and cones
Some parents may not realize their child is

colorblind until age 4 or later. A new AI-
powered smartphone app called EyeCan aims
Science
to change that. Parents can upload a closeup

picture of their child's eyes and the app then
uses AI to detect if they might be colorblind.

fiction?
AI Snapshots
26
This is…
AI Fiction!
There doesn’t seem to be an app for detecting color blindness …

yet! However, AI is being developed to enhance colors in real time
using smart glasses or digital displays.
Science
AI Snapshots
27
The better, the better
Recommendation systems are messy. It's

common for online shopping hubs and social
media sites to promote more popular
content; however, by promoting that
Science
content, they make it more popular. Thus,

recommendation systems can create a
feedback loop of increasingly popular
content.
Who could benefit from these feedback loops and who could
be harmed by them?
AI Snapshots
27
● Recommendation systems are everywhere – in social

media, online shopping, and content providers
● New content creators have a hard time getting discovered
● Just because something is popular doesn’t necessarily mean
Science
it’s good
AI Snapshots
28
Yeah, but why?
Argument B
Argument A
"It doesn't matter if the AI can explain
"An AI should be able to explain why it
why it labeled images as predator or
Science
labeled images of animals as either predator or

non-predator as long as it gets them
non-predator."
correct."
Which argument do you agree with more and why?
AI Snapshots
28
● Scientists and policymakers may use this type of AI the

most
● If the AI can’t explain its decision, we may trust it less
● Building a new AI or expanding on it might be harder if
Science
we don’t know how it works

● It may be faster to make an AI that can’t explain itself
AI Snapshots
29
Huge neural network vs a tiny square
Many image recognition AIs are vulnerable

to the so-called “one pixel attack”. In the one
pixel attack, changing a single pixel in an
Science
image can fool the AI into thinking a horse is

a dog or can trick it into not seeing a stop
sign.
You’re in charge. How would you respond to the “one pixel

attack” vulnerability?
AI Snapshots
29
● How does the one pixel attack work exactly

● How is the one pixel attack being used by bad actors
● Can an AI understand when it’s being attacked
● How can we design an AI that isn’t vulnerable to this attack
Science
AI Snapshots
30
Hang on, my battery is at 1%
320 trillion operations per second. That's what

it takes to power Nvidia's new driverless car.
Any tech that relies on AI-powered vision
(like phones, drones, driverless cars)
Science
experiences a trade off: use more power but

have better accuracy or last longer with lower
accuracy.
In what situations would you want more accurate image

recognition even if it cost more power?
AI Snapshots
30
Greater accuracy might be useful for:
● Medical or legal situations

● Situations with unlimited power
Science
Lower accuracy might be useful for:
● Entertainment purposes
● Optional features, like driving assist
● Situations with less available power, like a battery
● Environmental sensitivity
AI Snapshots
31
And this piggy… sounded happy!
A new AI system can interpret pigs’ moods

Science
based on their grunts and squeals.

fiction?
AI Snapshots
31
This is…
AI Fact!
Pigs are a highly social species, and their grunts can depend on
their personality. A new AI tries to detect their mood from their
sounds alone.
Science
AI Snapshots
32 Design
Forest for the trees
challenge!
Each year, foresters try to balance the

number of trees that are cut down for lumber
with the needs of the environment.
Traditionally, they survey acres of forest at
Science
ground level to determine how many trees are

standing and what types of trees they are. It
can take years, or even decades, to cover
just one forest.

problem using aerial images of forests?
AI Snapshots
32
● How to teach AI to identify different types of trees

● Is there any way this technology can be could end up
harming the environment?
● Do people from one country have a right to take aerials
Science
images of forests in other countries?

● Could the technology be used for other things like detecting
forest fires or endangered animals?
AI Snapshots
33
Another one bites the dust
A desert dust storm can seemingly come from

nowhere, causing a sudden drop to zero
visibility. By nature, they are hard to track,
but an AI technology developed in 2020 can
Science
automatically detect dust clouds using

satellite data, speeding up the process of
identifying them.
You're in charge. Where would you implement this new

technology first to get the greatest benefit from it?
AI Snapshots
33
● Regions where dust storms are common

● Places where it’s easy to implement this technology
● Places where dust storms affect crops or other crucial
resources
Science
AI Snapshots
34
A little of this, a little of that
It's common for people with depression to

try many different medications before
finding the best one. A new AI uses brain
Science
scans of people with depression to predict

how well they will respond to different
medications.
What questions would you ask to figure out whether this

technology is safe and reliable?
AI Snapshots
34
● How accurate the technology is in its predictions

● Whether people trust AI to prescribe their medications
● Consequences of switching medications
● What data is used to make the predictions
Science
AI Snapshots
35
Grab your umbrella
A team at Google is using AI to predict two-

hour rainfall levels better than traditional
Science
forecasting models.

fiction?
AI Snapshots
35
This is…
AI Fact!
Rainfall is much less predictable than you might

think. The new AI saves time for meteorologists
and may become more useful as climate change
Science
progresses.
AI Snapshots
36
Forklift panic
An AI-powered forklift encounters a new

situation: a fallen barrel is slowly rolling
across its path. It freezes, unsure what to do
next. A startup called ArcBest employs flesh-
Science
and-blood forklift drivers to take the wheel

remotely when an AI-powered forklift doesn't
know what to do.

harmed by it?
AI Snapshots
36
● Jobs created and lost by the technology

● How safe the self-driving forklifts are
● How often the forklifts need human assistance
Science
AI Snapshots
37 Design
Packing peanuts, box, prime day
challenge!
Sometimes Amazon items arrive damaged. Or

they ship in a package that's way too large. Or
each item comes separately when they could
Science
have come together. Amazon's current systems

need help deciding how an item should be
packaged and shipped.

problem using images of items?
AI Snapshots
37
● The number of images you would need to cover every item

in stock
● Other information that might be useful like each product’s
dimensions
Science
● Impacts on the environment if more or less cardboard is

used
● How big of an issue packaging mistakes are
AI Snapshots
38
Making machines human
→ I founded a startup to help AI understand

human emotion.
→ I am Egyptian-American.
→ I helped found the Autism &
Science
Communication Technology Initiative at MIT.

→ I would tell you "my life's work is about
humanizing technology before it dehumanizes
us".

AI Snapshots
38
I am…
Rana el Kaliouby!
● Born in 1978
● Prominent investor for startups
● Author of “Girl Decoded”, a book
Science
about bringing emotion to

technology
AI Snapshots
39 Design
To infinity and beyond
challenge!
Astronomers discover new planets by staring

at the stars. When a planet passes in front of a
star, it dims the star's light slightly. Even
Science
with advanced telescopes and a careful eye,

planets are difficult to find because the
change in brightness is barely noticeable.

problem using images from telescopes?
AI Snapshots
39
● What astronomers do with information they get from the

technology
● Who gets credit for finding a new planet if an AI program
made the discovery
Science
● Looking for other types of space objects, like natural

resources
AI Snapshots
40
Off by a few years
In 1970, a prominent AI researcher was

quoted as saying “[in] 3 to 8 years we will
Science
have a machine with the general intelligence

of an average human being.”

fiction?
AI Snapshots
40
This is…
AI Fact!
Yes, back in 1970, researcher Marvin Minsky thought we would

have the terminator by 1978. You could say he was … slightly off,
seeing as how we’re not even close to creating robots as smart as
Science
humans.
AI Snapshots
41
Not quite as advanced as we would like
Hundreds of AI tools were developed to help

fight COVID-19, but scientists agree that they
made little impact. Tools that diagnose
Science
patients or predict how ill they might get fell

flat.
What questions would you ask to figure out why these AI-
based tools had little impact?
AI Snapshots
41
● The speed at which the tools were developed

● Where the tools were applied, such as across countries
● Who funded the tools
● Where the tools worked best and worst
Science
AI Snapshots
42 Design
AI and your brain
challenge!
Millions of Americans have Alzheimer’s

disease, a brain disorder marked by memory
loss and other mental impairment.
Alzheimer’s can often be diagnosed through
Science
MRI scans of a patient’s brain. Unfortunately,

reading MRI images takes a special skill set
and is time consuming when done by
individual doctors.

problem using brain scans from MRIs?
AI Snapshots
42
● Where to get the MRI scans to teach the AI program

● The dangers of inaccurate diagnosis
● What part doctors will play in the diagnosis
● Whether patients will trust AI when it comes to their health
Science
AI Snapshots
43
Bzz bzz
Companies are testing robots that can

pollinate crops like blueberries and almonds,
Science
replacing bees.

fiction?
AI Snapshots
43
This is…
AI Fact!
As the population of bees declines, companies are scrambling for

pollinators for their crops. Robot bees aren’t as far off as they
might seem!
Science
AI Snapshots
44
*sniff* *sniff*
Smell is complex, but you may be surprised to

learn that AI can learn to recognize scents. A
new AI mimics the brain structures mammals
use to smell and can detect 10 different
Science
scents, such as ammonia. It was relatively

accurate even when multiple scents were
mixed together.
You're in charge. Where would you implement this new

technology first to get the greatest benefit from it?
AI Snapshots
44
● Safety features like detecting gasoline spills

● Helping someone figure out if they’re smelly
● Creating the best-smelling floral bouquet
● Businesses using the AI to create a brand smell
Science
AI Snapshots
45
Ouch.
The difference between a gentle touch and a

hard thump: pain. A new AI-powered robot
I O N
developed by a researcher in Japan can react
S
V I E
Science
E
to sensations that would cause pain in
R R U S
humans. The robot converts these sensations
T
D E
into a facial expression.
N N O
U E D O
E A S
PL
Should robots be able to react to a sensation that would
cause pain? Why or why not?
AI Snapshots
45
● Human empathy for machines

● What kinds of robots would use this
● How to tell if a robot can “feel” pain or just sense it
S I O N
V I E
Science
R R E U S
N D E N O T
U E D O
E A S
PL
AI Snapshots
AI Snapshots?
Science
AI Snapshots
Math warmups
AI Snapshots for the math classroom

1
Math is just playing by the rules. Or is it?
“[Math is] often seen from the outside as a purely

mechanical game played with fixed rules, like
checkers or chess … These are activities in
which machines have already demonstrated
superhuman ability. But for [some], math is
Math
different: it is a creative pursuit that calls on our

intuition as much as our ability to compute.” – J.
Ellenberg
Do you think that AI might one day replace mathematicians?
AI Snapshots
1
● What kinds of tasks AI is best at: rule-based or creative

● How much creativity math involves
● What kind of creativity math involves
Math
AI Snapshots
2
Do I know you?
Recognizing a face may seem like a human

action, but AI views it as a math problem. In
late 2021, Facebook promised to delete its 1
billion "facial recognition templates" -
Math
mathematical values that tell a computer how

to recognize someone.
Who could benefit from deleting these templates and who

could be harmed?
AI Snapshots
2
● Facebook commonly tagged users in photos even when they

didn’t want to be
● Tagging users was easier using the automated system
● Why would Facebook delete the templates?
Math
AI Snapshots
3 Design
First served
challenge!
COVID-19 illustrated the complications with

large-scale vaccine distribution. To decide
which communities to prioritize, officials
consider hundreds of statistics like population
Math
density, residents’ age, and number of hospitals.

The process is time-consuming and statistics
are often inaccurate.

problem using lists of cities and statistics about them, such
as number of hospitals?
AI Snapshots
3
● How to determine which factors make someone high-risk

● Potential bias in the statistics used to make decisions
● Backlash against public health officials
● Deadly impacts of getting things wrong and liability around
them
Math
AI Snapshots
4
Tell me about it
"AI should be able to explain why a "AI should be able to explain why a
mathematical proof is correct in plain mathematical proof is correct for
Math
English so that regular people can mathematicians, but not necessarily

understand it." the general public."
AI Snapshots
4
● Who mathematical proofs are typically written for

● When or how an average person might use a proof
● Whether communicating to the general public is important
for other fields besides math
● If it’s more effort for AI to make a proof understandable
Math
AI Snapshots
5
Into the wrong hands
In a 2019 study, an AI model created to

predict medical events (such as
hospitalization) was based on medical claims
data from a group of 112,000 children. The
Math
data included information about age, gender,

hospitalization, ambulance use, and total
amount spent on healthcare.
Would you feel comfortable with your data being used by this
AI and why or why not?
AI Snapshots
5
● Medical data is personal and often identifiable

● How is the data being used? Is it to help patients or to help
insurance companies?
● Whether you can request that the data be deleted
Math
AI Snapshots
6
AI to A1
An AI first beat a world champion at a chess

match in 2011.
Math

fiction?
AI Snapshots
6
This is…
AI Fiction!
Beating a world champion was
Math
a longtime goal for AI, but it

was first achieved in 1997,
when IBM’s Deep Blue beat
Garry Kasparov.
AI Snapshots
7 Design
Vroom vroom
challenge!
To remain competitive, ride-sharing apps

constantly balance the number of customers
looking for rides with the number of drivers
they make available. They are always
Math
collecting data but it is still difficult to figure

out exactly how many drivers they should
have on the road at any given time.

problem using ride information collected from customers
and drivers?
AI Snapshots
7
● Negative consequences of collecting so much location data

● Impacts on drivers who get less rides
● Wait times for customers if the AI is wrong
● Effects on the environment if there are less drivers driving
around and idling
Math
AI Snapshots
8
A math creative
→ I’m an Aussie.
→ My specialty is the branch of mathematics
called representation theory.
→ I used DeepMind’s AI to help create
Math
mathematical proofs in advanced algebra.

→ I love the intuitive and creative aspects of
math.

AI Snapshots
8
I am…
Geordie Williamson
● Born in 1981
● Mathematician and professor
● Worked in Germany, the UK, and
Math
Australia
AI Snapshots
9
A career in bounding boxes
While in college, students in Venezuela can

pick up side jobs labeling data for AI. They
might complete tasks like creating bounding
boxes around traffic lights and signs. While
Math
most get paid pennies for their work, some do

manage to make a good living.
Who could benefit from this work and who could be harmed
by it?
AI Snapshots
9
● Venezuelans who mark bounding boxes may make more

than their peers
● Doing this work might not build long-term skills
● This career relies on stable internet and the ability to
transfer currency
Math
● American and European companies benefit from cheap

labor in other countries
AI Snapshots
10
I <3 data and cheeseburgers
→ I love data and cheeseburgers.

→ I’m famous for explaining machine
learning in 5 levels of difficulty on YouTube.
→ I’m the founder of an AI-powered
Math
storytelling game platform and an AI research

company.

AI Snapshots
10
I am…
Hilary Mason!
● Data scientist from New York

● Founder of HackNY, a startup that
helps students break into the New York
Math
startup community
● TED speaker who once gave a talk
about how to replace yourself with a
computer program
AI Snapshots
11
If the price is right
Human workers are expensive, but AIs don't

need to eat, sleep, take a break, or raise a
family. So, many companies are working on
technologies that replace workers with AI,
Math
instead of technologies that increase a person's

abilities.
You're in charge. Should companies be prevented from

replacing human workers with AI? Why or why not?
AI Snapshots
11
● The efficiency of humans and machines

● Society is structured around work
● What kinds of jobs might be created
Math
AI Snapshots
12 Design
Infrequent flyers
challenge!
Overbooking is when airlines purposely sell

too many tickets for a flight. They must
account for the number of seats on a plane,
number of tickets sold, and costs of paying
customers who don’t have seats. When
Math
predictions are wrong, they lose customers

who are unhappy with being delayed.

problem using ticket logs from previous flights?
AI Snapshots
12
● Losing customers when the AI is wrong

● Who controls the technology and how it will be shared
across airlines
● Where to source the information you use to teach the AI
● Making human airline employees more productive or less
Math
necessary
AI Snapshots
13
Math + autocorrect = ?
Constantly messing up order of operations or

having trouble keeping track of long
equations? Math autocorrect to the rescue. A
California-based startup is developing
Math
AutoMath, an AI-based program that can fix

mathematical equations and expressions
with minor errors.

fiction?
AI Snapshots
13
This is…
AI Fiction!
No California-based startup has developed a program to fix

incorrect equations.
Math
However, there are AI programs out there that try to solve

equations (although we won’t name them here 👀).
AI Snapshots
14
Hidden assets
You might have an idea about how TikTok

ranks videos or how Amazon recommends
you freeze-dried ice cream. But companies
Math
keep their AI algorithms locked up tight,

claiming their algorithms are trade secrets.
Why do you think companies refuse to share their AI

algorithms with the public?
AI Snapshots
14
● Companies keep trade secrets for a competitive edge

● Scientists and governments might want to examine
algorithms
● Whether the public should know how algorithms influence
them
Math
AI Snapshots
15
It ain’t cheap
Getting AI to learn how to do its job is pricey

- and it's only getting pricier. Smaller models,
such as ones used by healthcare providers,
might cost $50,000. Larger models, like the
Math
one used by Google to predict search

inquiries, can cost up to $10,000,000.
How would you figure out whether it's worth the cost to train
an AI for a certain task?
AI Snapshots
15
● Compare the cost with expected profits

● Decide how much good the algorithm does in the world
● Figure out if cheaper solutions work just as well
Math
AI Snapshots
16
Suspiciously addicted
Casinos and gaming websites are using AI to

spot signs of gambling addiction based on
Math
factors like betting amounts.

fiction?
AI Snapshots
16
This is…
AI Fact!
It may come as a surprise, but casinos don’t want you to go broke.

It turns out casinos make more profit at a certain “sweet spot” of
addiction, so they might benefit from detecting signs of gambling
Math
addiction early. One challenge is that many signs of addiction are

subtle.
AI Snapshots
17 Design
So this is a graph… it’s got bars on it…
challenge!
For students with visual impairments,

online tests include automated screen
readers that read text on the screen out loud.
In math tests, it is difficult for a screen
Math
reader to communicate graphs, tables, and

charts.

problem using examples of people explaining graphs?
AI Snapshots
17
● How humans would describe charts and graphs

● How inaccurate technology could skew test grades
● How students would communicate their answers
● What else the technology could be used for
● Impacts on the jobs of teachers and test proctors
Math
AI Snapshots
18
Swipe. Swipe. Swipe. Watch for 10 seconds. Comment.
TikTok recently published a description of

the AI-based algorithm it uses to
recommend videos. The algorithm tries to
optimize for retention (whether a user
Math
comes back to the app frequently) as well as

watch time.
Why do you think TikTok tries to increase retention and not

just watch time?
AI Snapshots
18
● TikTok’s ad revenue
● Tech companies increasingly try to create addictive
products
● Factors that might push users to quit TikTok
Math
AI Snapshots
19
Measure for measure
If you, like most people, don't carry a ruler

in your pocket, the Measure app is built for
you. The AI-assisted app uses the camera to
measure dimensions of objects, but critics
Math
say the app mis-measures in an unpredictable

way, sometimes accurate and sometimes off
by a foot or more.
What questions would you ask to figure out if this app would
be useful to you?
AI Snapshots
19
● How accurate the measurements are in different scenarios

● If you need the app for a serious application, like something
safety-related
● Whether the app has different options like metric system or
3D visualization
Math
AI Snapshots
20
An AI that's integral to integrals
Facebook is developing a cutting edge AI to

solve calculus problems. Trained on tens of
millions of randomly generated problems, the
Math
AI can solve college-level calculus problems.
What are the potential benefits and risks of rolling out this
technology?
AI Snapshots
20
● Students using the AI to skip math homework

● Professionals like architects saving time when they need to
use calculus
● Expansions to the technology, like one that can explain how
to solve different problems
Math
● Could calculus be removed from schools now?
AI Snapshots
21
Zoom zoom
Sure, self-driving cars are in the spotlight right

now. But what about simple AI-based
solutions that cut down on distracted
driving and speeding? Scientists argue that
Math
AI that helps drivers manage a car's speed

might prevent the most accidents.
How would you figure out if an AI-based speed assistant was

worth developing?
AI Snapshots
21
● How effective the AI might be at controlling speeds

● How expensive it would be to develop
● How long it would take to develop
● Whether investing in self-driving cars would be better in the
long run
Math
AI Snapshots
22 Design
Starting early
challenge!
Image you’re starting Math+AI4Girls, a

nonprofit that aims to engage middle school
girls in the mathematics of AI. You’re
having trouble recruiting students. You’ve
found that students, parents, and teachers are
Math
unaware of the vast impacts AI will have

on their lives, so they don’t seek out your
programs.

problem using survey data about girls’ interests?
AI Snapshots
22
● Why there is a lack of interest

● What might engage prospective students
● How to collect the data you need from minors
● How to include perspectives of teachers and parents or
guardians
Math
● How to measure success
AI Snapshots
23
Aces & AIs
Betting, checking, and folding in poker are

delicate decisions when money is on the
line. A new AI-based tool called PioSOLVER
can help poker players train their decision-
Math
making abilities by recommending the best

moves in unique situations.

harmed by it?
AI Snapshots
23
● Poker players can practice their skills

● Players who don’t use the AI may be at a disadvantage
● Using the AI requires a lot of trust
● Casinos might feel threatened by the technology or ban it
Math
AI Snapshots
24
😡
All the way back in 2016, Facebook released

five new emoji reacts, including "angry."
What users didn't realize is that, until
recently, "angry" reacts were weighted 5
Math
times more than a simple like in Facebook's

recommendation algorithm.
Who could benefit from weighing angry reacts more and

who could be harmed by it?
AI Snapshots
24
● Users who posted fake news or highly politicized content

had posts ranked higher
● People who used Facebook experienced more negative
emotions than before the change
● Facebook saw increased ad revenue because of higher site
Math
traffic
AI Snapshots
25 Design
A pinch of AI
challenge!
Recipe bloggers note that their readers often

need to adjust recipes. They might want to
make larger portions, adjust baking
temperatures from fahrenheit to celsius, or
Math
change cook time based on their altitude.

Bloggers spend a lot of time responding to
questions about these calculations.

problem using text of readers questions and comments?
AI Snapshots
25
● Common questions and comments

● How to source blogs and teach the AI
● Readers blaming bloggers when the AI is wrong
● How to make the AI write in a human tone
● How personal human interactions influence bloggers’ and
Math
readers’ experiences with the blogs
AI Snapshots
26
AI can help you learn math
● I'm interested in math teaching and

learning.
● I proposed math teaching guidelines that
de-emphasize calculus and reject the
idea that only some children are
Math
naturally gifted.
● I'm the co-founder of youcubed.org, an
AI-based math learning website.

AI Snapshots
26
I am…
Jo Boaler!
● Born in 1964
● Professor at Stanford University
● Has written 18 books
Math
AI Snapshots
27
Action!
The first TikToks were capped at 15 seconds.

Then TikTok upped the limit to 60 seconds,
then 3 minutes, now 10 minutes. Longer
Math
videos mean exponentially more data for the

AI-based algorithm to analyze.
You're in charge. What would you set as the maximum video

length on TikTok and why?
AI Snapshots
27
● It takes much longer for the AI to analyze longer videos in

order tag and recommend them
● People are less likely to watch later parts of a video
● TikTok has been increasing the cap, so there must be some
kind of advantage
Math
AI Snapshots
28
An enigma
● I worked at Bletchley Park in the UK as

a code-breaker during World War II.
● I lived with foster parents while my
parents worked in India.
Math
● In 1936, I designed a machine that can

be constructed to follow any computer
algorithm.

AI Snapshots
28
I am…
Alan Turing!
● Born in 1912, died 1954

● While reporting a burglary, Turing
admitted to having a relationship with
Math
a man and was convicted of “gross

indecency” because of it
AI Snapshots
29
Back from the dead
Beethoven may have died in 1827 before

finishing his 10th symphony. But that didn't
stop a team of researchers from using AI to
Math
approximate what the finished piece would

have looked like.

harmed by it?
AI Snapshots
29
● Who owns pieces written by the AI

● How closely the AI can mimic a composer’s style
● If the AI would make composers obsolete
Math
AI Snapshots
30 Design
Losing your mind one 1099 at a time
challenge!
Every spring, Americans make millions of

mathematical errors on their taxes. These
mistakes can cost citizens thousands of
Math
dollars if they are not fixed.

problem using data about tax errors?
AI Snapshots
30
● Why Americans are challenged by this kind of math

● How tax forms are currently laid out
● Who takes the blame (and pays the bill) if the technology
makes mistakes
● Whether the tech is made and distributed by the
Math
government or private companies

● Impacts on human accountants
AI Snapshots
31
I didn't recognize you because of ... your eyeliner?
"Facial recognition templates" are the math

behind your face. It's how AI can recognize
you. But a team of researchers used makeup
to fool face recognition 99% of the time,
Math
despite looking completely normal to the

human eye.
Who could benefit from this makeup application and who

could be harmed by it?
AI Snapshots
31
● Average citizens can use the makeup to avoid being tracked

by cameras in public
● Law enforcement might find that people involved in crime
are able to avoid facial recognition
● Not everyone likes wearing makeup
Math
● How easy the makeup is to apply
AI Snapshots
32
So that's where that is!
Robots have long struggled with the "frame

problem" - figuring out which parts of a
problem are important for solving it. A new
AI innovation helps robots track specific
Math
points in space, allowing them to locate their

own body parts relative to the environment.
Why do you think it's important for robots to be able to

"see" their own body parts?
AI Snapshots
32
● Why can’t a robot just sense where its body is?

● How can a robot tell its body parts from other items in its
environment?
● The robot needs to know its own location relative to the
location of other objects to plan its movements
Math
AI Snapshots
33 Design
Professor Scribbles
challenge!
College-level math professors are known for

scrawling long and complicated math
problems and proofs on their whiteboards
during class. Students in the back of large
Math
lecture halls may find it difficult to read the

writing and keep up.

problem using images of the whiteboards?
AI Snapshots
33
● Accounting for a wide variety of handwriting styles

● What happens to students’ understanding of math when the
AI doesn’t work
● Which colleges and universities can afford this technology
● How many examples the AI would need before it is
Math
successful
● Leveraging technologies that already exist to interpret
handwriting
AI Snapshots
34
From snap to solution
Tired of solving equations, graphing, and

multiplying matrices? Microsoft Math
Solver allows you to take a picture of a math
problem and solves it for you. It can even
Math
suggest multiple ways to get the correct

result.

fiction?
AI Snapshots
34
This is…
AI Fact!
While we don’t condone using
Math Solver for your
Math
homework, it can save you

time in your everyday life.
AI Snapshots
35
A quintillion options
Imagine picking an outfit when you have the

entire Amazon warehouse to choose from:
tens of thousands of shirts, pants, socks, and
more, creating trillions of combinations. A
Math
new AI aims to save you some time by

recommending items that fit an existing
outfit.

harmed by it?
AI Snapshots
35
● Personal stylists might see a drop in business

● Average people might be able to save time finding a new
look
● Amazon might need to collect a lot of data about you to
make this AI work
Math
● Amazon’s profits might increase
AI Snapshots
36
First-time home buyer: a bot
AI-assisted real estate purchases more than

doubled from 2021 to 2022. While they can
streamline a complex process, they often
increase the number of homes rented rather
Math
than sold, which makes it more difficult to

find an affordable home for families.
You're in charge. How would you respond to these AI-

assisted real estate purchases?
AI Snapshots
36
● Banning or restricting AI home buyers

● How to determine if a home is bought using an AI
● Higher home prices are good for sellers
Math
AI Snapshots
37
2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19 ...
Let's look at the Fibonacci sequence: 1, 1, 2,

3, 5, 8, 13, 21 ... Researchers have developed
a new AI that can figure out how to generate
this sequence of numbers. In the case of
Math
Fibonacci:
un = un-1 + un-2
What are the potential benefits of this AI?
AI Snapshots
37
● Find patterns in real-life situations

● Help students and mathematicians understand number
sequences
● Double check mathematicians’ work
Math
AI Snapshots
38
Oh whoa, oh whoa, oh whoa
"Baby" by Justin Bieber is one of the most

disliked YouTube videos of all time, with 13
million dislikes. But users can no longer see
its like-to-dislike ratio. While YouTube still
Math
uses dislikes to rank video suggestions, it

keeps them hidden from viewers.
What are the benefits and drawbacks of hiding dislikes even

though they still influence suggestions?
AI Snapshots
38
● Content creators are protected from bullying through mass

disliking
● It is harder to tell if a video is high quality right away
● Bad videos still get downranked
● For viewers and content creators, it’s not as clear how videos
Math
are ranked
AI Snapshots
39
Alert: incorrect subtraction
A new company called TutorAI recently

launched a program to help younger
students practice math. As the student writes
Math
on their tablet, the AI can flag mistakes and

give hints for struggling students.

fiction?
AI Snapshots
39
This is…
AI Fiction!
While there are handwriting recognition apps, automated writing

correction tools, and assistants that help rephrase your sentences,
there isn’t one we know of to help you fix your math as you write
Math
it out.
AI Snapshots
40
Failed my test. Over.
How would you score on a flight test? The

US Air Force is investing in AI systems that
help pilots train. The AI grades trainees on
Math
their landings and monitors their scores over

time.
What questions would you ask to figure out how this AI

works?
AI Snapshots
40
● What data the AI uses, like speed, angle of approach, or

pilot biometrics
● How the pilot’s score is determined
● If the AI can recommend strategies for getting a higher
score next time
Math
AI Snapshots
41
The REAL Salvator Mundi
Can math help us figure out if a painting is

authentic? Researchers divided up Da Vinci
paintings into 350x350 pixel squares and
Math
trained an AI to recognize his handiwork.
Where else do you think an AI that recognizes authentic

images could be useful?
AI Snapshots
41
● Attributing other works of art like digital art or sculptures

● Figuring out if an image has been digitally altered
● Authorship is complicated in the modern world, with
frequent collaboration and ease of copying information
Math
AI Snapshots
42 Design
This post contains sensitive content
challenge!
In 2019, a meme asking users to figure out a

short but confusing equation went viral.
Mathematicians spoke out against the meme
because they were worried it implied that
Math
math is made to trick people. However,

memes that show the interesting and intuitive
sides of math don’t often go viral.

problem using comments from social media posts?
AI Snapshots
42
● Why the original meme went viral

● How social media algorithms work
● What types of math problems you’d find fun and engaging
● Where to find cool problems
Math
AI Snapshots
43
Being alive wasn’t in the job description
If you're worried about losing your job to a

robot, what we're about to tell you may give
you a sigh of relief. A recent Japanese study
showed that a 1% rise in the use of robots in
a country correlated to a 0.28% rise in
Math
employment. However, another study

suggested higher automation was linked to
lower wages.
What questions would you ask about these studies to decide if

automation was overall beneficial or harmful?
AI Snapshots
43
● Increase in jobs is probably positive for workers

● Jobs might increase, but workers may also have to switch
jobs or learn a new skill
● More lower wage jobs is probably not a positive effect of
automation
Math
● Will the trend continue?
AI Snapshots
44
Beyond true and false
● I was born in Azerbaijan, but I moved

to the US in my 20s.
● I would describe myself as stubborn.
● I came up with the idea of "fuzzy sets":
Math
groups like "young" or "tall" that are hard

to define with one value.

AI Snapshots
44
I am…
Lofti Zadeh
● Born in 1921, died in 2017 at the age

of 96
● Enjoyed photography
Math
● Discovered lots of “fuzzy” concepts,

including fuzzy sets, fuzzy
algorithms, fuzzy languages, fuzzy
probabilities, and more
AI Snapshots
45 Design
A solid foundation
challenge!
Proposals for new building construction

projects have to account for lots of factors
like costs, profits, geometry measurements,
and required amounts of materials. Every
Math
year, incorrect calculations cost companies

millions of dollars in lost time and revenue.

problem using copies of construction proposals?
AI Snapshots
45
● How this affects architects and other humans involved in

construction planning
● Safety issues if the math is wrong
● Millions of dollars in costs when things need to be redone
● Accounting for unique situations that aren’t reflected in the
Math
original reports
AI Snapshots
AI Snapshots?
Math
AI Snapshots
Social studies warmups
AI Snapshots for the social studies classroom

Spotify polisci
Spotify... but for political candidates?

Imagine that's the pitch of a new company that
Social Studies
aims to compare your political views with

similar people's voting histories to
recommend you a candidate.
What questions would you ask to decide if Spotify for political

candidates is right for you?
AI Snapshots
● Where the AI gets your “political views” from

● Who you’re being compared to (who counts as similar?)
● How accurate the recommendation is
Social Studies
● How easy it is to accept or reject the recommendation
AI Snapshots
2
Weight watchers: kids
The federal government recently ruled that AI

models created by Weight Watchers needed to
be destroyed. Weight Watchers used the AI to
Social Studies
power a food tracking app for kids. The

government’s decision stemmed from the
app’s use of data collected from minors
(children younger than 18).
Who could benefit from destroying this AI model and who

could be harmed?
AI Snapshots
2
● children’s data should be collected with consent

● a food tracking app for children could lead to intense
scrutiny of what the child eats, which might lead to
Social Studies
unhealthy behavior
● children may lie about their age in order to use the app
AI Snapshots
3
The buck stops with…
"If an app uses AI in an unethical "If an app uses AI in an unethical
Social Studies
way, companies like Apple and way, the government should be

Google should be responsible for responsible for requiring the author of
taking it down from their app stores." the app to delete it."
Which argument do you agree with more and why?
AI Snapshots
3
● companies like Apple and Google may have a better

understanding of what makes an app unethical
● governments can fine or prosecute companies
Social Studies
● government action often moves slowly

● companies are increasingly under pressure to moderate
content better
AI Snapshots
4
New post who dis
Starting with 4chan and 8chan posts,

researchers conducted AI-based text analysis
Social Studies
on an anonymous cult leader to figure out

their identity. Researchers concluded the cult
leader was in fact three people using one
account.
What questions would you ask to figure out how this AI text
analysis worked?
AI Snapshots
4
● how the researchers collected the data

● what evidence led them to believe the account was used by
three people
Social Studies
● how long the analysis took

● who paid for the analysis and why
AI Snapshots
5
To see or not to see
“Earlier that day, I fed an image of the Native American

feather flag into a major image recognition app. This deep
learning-based visual analysis service couldn’t even begin
to identify it properly — because it doesn’t have enough
Social Studies
training data. This sacred staff with eagle feathers was

instead identified by the AI tool as 99.9% a handrail or a
banister.” - Davar Ardalan (2021)
-Ardalan, D. (2021, October 4). The new AI frontier: Tagging indigenous values. Medium.
What questions would you ask to figure out why this Feather
Flag was misidentified?
AI Snapshots
5
● what images the AI learned from

● how many images of feather flags the AI saw as it learned
● what other images the AI might not recognize
Social Studies
● a human might not know what the Feather Flag was, but
probably wouldn’t call it a handrail
Learn more about veteran journalist, author, and storytelling

technologist Davar Ardalan at
TulipAI: Where Tech Meets Storytelling
AI Snapshots
6
Shopping made lonely
As you exit the grocery store (snacks in hand)

a computer vision system identifies you. It
automatically charges your Amazon account
Social Studies
for each product you're carrying. All without

a single human interaction. Amazon
introduced the first store of this type in 2021
and aims to build more.

harmed by it?
AI Snapshots
6
● people with social anxiety might feel more motivated to

shop
● getting help while shopping would be harder
Social Studies
● internet or technology issues would prevent shopping

● it may be easier to steal from this type of shop
AI Snapshots
7
Hands off my chips
Amazon, Google, Nvidia, and many startups

buy computer chips for AI tech from
Taiwan, which is claimed by China. However,
Social Studies
the US recently restricted the supply of chip-

manufacturing equipment China can
purchase, limiting its ability to create new
chips.
You're in charge of a company that needs chips for a new AI

product. How do you respond to these political tensions?
AI Snapshots
7
● locating other sources of chips

● identifying exactly how the supplies were restricted
● petitioning the government to lift the restrictions
Social Studies
AI Snapshots
8
When the rest of the world doesn’t exist
TikTok may be a bastion of free speech for

Gen Z, but not so in wartime Russia. During
the invasion of Ukraine in 2022, TikTok
Social Studies
prevented Russian users from seeing posts

uploaded outside of Russia. It also banned
antiwar hashtags, while allowing pro-war
hashtags to flourish.
What are the likely consequences of this ban?
AI Snapshots
8
You might have considered…
● propaganda spread easily in the restricted environment

● influencers were sponsored by the Russian government to
share its side of the story
Social Studies
● Russians were unlikely to see images of and posts about the

horrors of war from Ukraine
AI Snapshots
9
Help wanted
Machine learning (AI) engineer was the 4th

fastest growing job title in the US in 2021.
Social Studies
Even though the average salary is $128,000

per year, companies struggle to hire enough
qualified engineers.
You're in charge. How would you meet the growing demand

for machine learning engineers?
AI Snapshots
9
● developing more pathways into AI engineering

● reaching out to younger students to get them interested in
the field
Social Studies
● creating specialized college programs, like an AI major
AI Snapshots
10 Design
Marble bust
challenge!
In 1983, a man tried to sell an ancient Greek

statue to a museum for $10 million. There
was only one problem: it was fake! After 14
Social Studies
months, special experts determined the

sculpture wasn’t real. Forged historical
artifacts are constantly in circulation and can
cost museums very high sums of money.

problem using images of artifacts?
AI Snapshots
10
● Specific characteristics of real vs. fake sculptures

● Who will use the technology
● Who is motivated to sell fake items
Social Studies
● How our understanding of history might be affected by this

technology
AI Snapshots
11
Just common sense
The Machine Common Sense project began in

2019 with aims like:
● A house-cleaning robot should know not
Social Studies
to throw out a cat or put it in a drawer

● An AI should know that the headline
“Cheeseburger Stabbing” isn’t about a
“food-on-food crime”
You’re in charge. What is one piece of “common sense” you

think all AIs should have?
AI Snapshots
11
● understanding what harms humans

● not stepping out in traffic
● not to use disrespectful language
Social Studies
AI Snapshots
12
Thank you for coming to my TED Talk
→ I grew up in Ethiopia.
→ I built an AI company to predict global
Social Studies
farming trends and fight food insecurity.

→ I stockpiled toilet paper before it was
cool.

AI Snapshots
12
I am…
Sara Menker!
● Founder of Gro
Intelligence, which has
Social Studies
raised over $125 million

in funding
● Famous for a 2017 TED
Talk predicting a global
food crisis
AI Snapshots
13 Design
Anti-terrorist AI
challenge!
Tweets, posts, stories, reels, comments. It's a

lot to go through when searching for
Social Studies
potential terrorist activity. The FBI has to

analyze a large amount of information from
social media and messaging platforms to
monitor suspected terrorists.

problem using social media data?
AI Snapshots
13
● Social media users’ privacy concerns

● Potential bias in the system
● The risks of wrongly accusing users
Social Studies
● What types of data are labeled high-risk
AI Snapshots
14
Legislating AI
The Bill of Rights enshrines some of

Americans' most treasured freedoms, such as
Social Studies
freedom of speech. The White House is

currently working on a new AI Bill of Rights
that outlines the rights and freedoms we
should be guaranteed when using AI.
What is one right you would like to see in the AI Bill of

Rights?
AI Snapshots
14
● the right to say not to data collection

● the right to have a company publish an explanation of how
their AI works (e.g. TikTok ranking algorithm)
Social Studies
● the right to know what apps do and do not use AI
AI Snapshots
15
Who watches the watchmen
Many US state agencies use AI-powered

automated decision systems that score
medicare claims for fraud, predict which city
Social Studies
blocks will have the most crime, measure job

applicants' personality traits, and more. There
are few rules in place to regulate these AI
systems.
You're in charge. What information should the public know

about automated decision systems used by state
governments?
AI Snapshots
15
● where they are used

● if these systems have known bias against certain groups
● if someone can opt for a non-AI judgment instead, if
Social Studies
they’re uncomfortable with the decision
You can read more about a case study of New York City
automated decision systems at:
ainowinstitute.org/NYCadsChart
AI Snapshots
16
Left. Left. Right? Left.
On dating apps, users indicate potential

Social Studies
matches and mismatches by swiping left or

right. Some apps use AI to order potential
matches and detect personality markers.
What do you think are the potential benefits and risks of using
AI in dating apps?
AI Snapshots
16
● AI that could learn a user's preferences in a partner

● AI that helps users who match figure out what to talk about
● AI that filters out harassment from a user's messages
Social Studies
● AI is often biased and could exhibit common social

prejudices
AI Snapshots
17
Top dogs
Zero of the top 10 internet companies,

Social Studies
which are also pioneers in the use of AI, were

founded in Europe.

fiction?
AI Snapshots
17
This is…
AI Fact!
Here are the top 10 internet companies as of early 2022:
1. Amazon – USA
Social Studies
2. Alphabet – USA
3. JD.com – China
4. Meta – USA
5. Tencent – China
6. Alibaba – China
7. Suning.com – China
8. ByteDance – China
9. Netflix – USA
10. Paypal – USA
AI Snapshots
18 Design
Hey, that’s my neighbor…
challenge!
Early in Russia’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine,

officials scrambled to identify dead soldiers,
Social Studies
prisoners of war, and enemy combatants. In

the midst of so much chaos, dedicated
Ukrainian leaders have been overwhelmed by
the task.

problem using images from the country’s war zones?
AI Snapshots
18
● Who would benefit from this technology

● How images would be collected
● What happens if the technology is inaccurate
Social Studies
● Who has access to the acquired information
AI Snapshots
19
Out with the old, in with the new
A new AI tech called CoupCast predicts

whether countries are likely to have a sudden
leadership change soon. The company
Social Studies
gathered data about factors that contributed

to coups in the past to train their AI to make
predictions, successfully predicting 2021
coups in Mali and Chad.
How could this technology be most effectively used for good?
AI Snapshots
19
● using the tech to increase aid to countries that might

experience a coup
● helping explain how multiple factors combine to influence
Social Studies
sudden leadership change

● keeping the tool openly accessible and well-explained so
it’s transparent and easy to use
AI Snapshots
20 Design
AI field trip
challenge!
Museum visits are a great way to get excited

about history. However, people in major
Social Studies
metropolitan areas tend to have access to

more museum exhibits than their counterparts
in smaller cities and rural areas.

problem using images of museum exhibits?
AI Snapshots
20
● How people will access the technology

● Representing 3D objects based on 2D images
● Quality of the museum experience
Social Studies
● Impacts on attendance at local museums
AI Snapshots
21
AI 101
While the US is one of the strongest AI

superpowers, the average person doesn't
Social Studies
know much about AI. In a recent study, only

12% of Americans could pass a basic test
about AI.
What do you think an average person needs to know about

AI in order to make good everyday decisions?
AI Snapshots
21
● how AI uses data

● what the definition of AI is
● how AI can be biased
Social Studies
● the future of AI
● careers in AI
AI Snapshots
22
Flying solo
A grim wartime question: should a drone, a

gun, or a bomb be able to decide on its own
Social Studies
whether to attack with lethal force? A UN

conference recently moved to restrict the
development of these autonomous weapons.
Who could benefit from banning this technology and who

could be harmed by it?
AI Snapshots
22
● autonomous robots make military operations easier and

cheaper, increasing their frequency
● people are reluctant to trust major moral decisions to
Social Studies
machines
● robots don’t have human limitations like needing oxygen
AI Snapshots
23
Voting via AI
→ I believe that "diverse minds create diverse

solutions."
→ I invented PRIME III, an open-source
Social Studies
voting technology that allows users to cast

their vote using touch or voice.
→ My research is on human-centered
computing and AI.

AI Snapshots
23
I am…
Dr. Juan Gilbert!
● Creating a voting
technology designed to
Social Studies
accommodate all voters

regardless of mobility,
vision, hearing or other
impairments
● Runs the Human
Experience Research Lab
at the University of
Florida
AI Snapshots
24
Universal ethics
Most top AI-producing countries, including

the US and China, agree on one ethical
Social Studies
framework for AI. The framework tries to

maximize the benefits of using AI while
minimizing risks.

fiction?
AI Snapshots
24
This is…
AI Fiction!
It turns out we aren’t all following the same set of rules. There are
many authoritative AI ethics frameworks, with goals such as:
Social Studies
“Bringing together diverse voices from across the AI community”

(Partnership on AI)
“To inform and improve the design and use of AI” (The Public
Voice)
AI Snapshots
25 Design
Scrub a dub dub
challenge!
Since the COVID-19 pandemic, the

development of cleaning and sanitization
Social Studies
robots has been on the rise. In restaurants,

protocols require deep cleaning pots, pans,
dishes, and silverware. Meanwhile, there is a
shortage of restaurant workers available.

problem using using a list of cleanliness-related job ads?
AI Snapshots
25
● How complicated dishwashing tasks are

● Teaching AI to manage dynamic physical work
● Impacts on the job market
Social Studies
AI Snapshots
26
Now hold still for 3 seconds
The Baltimore Orioles' stadium now uses AI-

powered tech to scan attendees as they enter.
Social Studies
The tech can scan 1000 people per hour and

doesn't require pat-downs, cutting wait times.
However, the stadium has not released the
accuracy of the technology.
How would you decide whether this technology was overall

beneficial or harmful?
AI Snapshots
26
● how often the technology lets weapons through

● how often the technology wrongly flags a weapon that isn’t
there
Social Studies
● privacy may be increased if pat downs are phased out

● how the AI determines if a weapon is present
AI Snapshots
27
For your review
The European Union recently approved the

use of ChestLink, an AI-powered chest x-ray
Social Studies
reader. ChestLink either generates a report

if it finds the x-ray healthy, or forwards it to a
radiologist for review if it detects an anomaly.
How should governments decide whether an AI tech should be

approved for wider use?
AI Snapshots
27
● how accurate the technology is

● how easy it is for doctors to use
● if it’s an improvement over a doctor in accuracy or speed
Social Studies
● whether patients are willing to trust an AI with their scan
AI Snapshots
28
Sound alike
Social Studies
Most AI assistants are male.

fiction?
AI Snapshots
28
This is…
AI Fiction!
Siri, Alexa, Cortana, Google Assistant, and more all have female-
sounding voices. This phenomenon is an example of gender bias
Social Studies
in AI.
AI Snapshots
29 Design
Not so whole foods
challenge!
A food desert is an area that has little to no

access to affordable nutritious food. Areas
Social Studies
with high rates of poverty are more likely to

be food deserts, meaning their residents have
to travel far distances to find healthy choices.

problem using USDA reports?
AI Snapshots
29
● Why food deserts exist

● Motivating private companies to open stores in new areas
● Making cross-city travel easier
Social Studies
● Programs to help residents pay for healthy groceries
AI Snapshots
30
AI for a better workplace
● I think robots are stupid.
● I originally studied psychology and
wanted to go into medicine.
● I believe that while technology may
Social Studies
displace workers, their output will get

redirected to things that are much more
productive.
● I founded Catalytic, a company that
makes workplace automation software.

AI Snapshots
30
I am…
Sean Chou!
● Interested in “crypto, startups,

data, automation, RVs, nerd
Social Studies
stuff”
AI Snapshots
31
AI for zoomers not boomers
Are you looking out for grandma and

grandpa? New research shows that healthcare
AI may not help older people as much as it
Social Studies
should. A lack of data on older individuals

plus a resistance to technology among this
population means that healthcare AI generally
works better for the young.
You're in charge. How would you address this issue of age

bias in healthcare AI?
AI Snapshots
31
● gathering more data from older people

● designing AIs that specifically help older people
● build trust with older people by explaining how the AI
Social Studies
works and its limitations
AI Snapshots
32
Mine! Mine! Mine!
The Federalist Papers, a collection of essays

written by John Jay, Alexander Hamilton, and
Social Studies
James Madison, include 12 “disputed”

essays: papers claimed by multiple authors.
The authors of the disputed essays were first
discovered using AI.

fiction?
AI Snapshots
32
This is…
AI Fiction!
The authors of the disputed papers were discovered through

careful text analysis, but not AI. You can see in the chart below the
Social Studies
most common words in Paper 10, written by James Madison:
AI Snapshots
33
Up and coming
While China and the US are clear leaders in

Social Studies
developing new AI technology, they aren't

the only countries trying.
What questions would you ask about a country to figure out if

it could become an AI powerhouse?
AI Snapshots
33
● whether it has a strong education system

● whether its education system includes computer science and
engineering
Social Studies
● how much funding it has for AI projects

● how rapidly it usually adapts to technology trends
AI Snapshots
34
More diversity in AI
● I study intelligent systems for healthcare
delivery.
● I believe that technology "represents the
values of the humans that are behind the
Social Studies
design."
● I am the co-founder of the nonprofit
AI4ALL, which aims to increase
diversity in AI education, research, and
policy.

AI Snapshots
34
I am…
Fei-Fei Li!
● Born in 1976
● Professor at Stanford University
Social Studies
● Previously worked at Google Cloud,

focused on “democratizing AI
technology and lowering the barrier to
entrance for businesses and
developers”
AI Snapshots
35 Design
Founding great-great-great-grandpas
challenge!
Black and mutilracial descendants of the

Founding Fathers have faced challenges in
getting recognized by the founders’ families
Social Studies
and estates. While genetic testing can

determine relation, there are many
descendants who have no idea they might be
eligible for testing.

problem using images of founders?
AI Snapshots
35
● How to source images of potential descendants

● Traditional methods for tracing family history
● Accuracy in AI image recognition
Social Studies
● What happens after descendants are identified
AI Snapshots
36 Design
Smoke and mirrors
challenge!
Traditional rectangular maps are scaled by latitude

to make navigation at sea more accurate. Land masses
Social Studies
farther from the equator to be depicted larger than they

really are, making continents like Africa seem smaller.
Making an accurate 2D map to visualize a 3D planet
presents a problem to cartographers.

problem using photos of Earth?
AI Snapshots
36
● New ways to visualize maps

● How people will react to unfamiliar maps
● Collecting accurate images of the planet
Social Studies
● What 2D maps are used for
AI Snapshots
37
Taxes, am I right?
They set off the Revolutionary War. They

strike fear into the hearts of everyday citizens.
Social Studies
How do we make taxes fair and beneficial

for all? Financial firm Salesforce is building
an AI tech that finds the optimal tax rate for
both workers and politicians.
You're in charge at your local government. Would you adopt

this tax-calculating AI and why or why not?
AI Snapshots
37
● if the AI would lead to political backlash for you

● if the AI would build more trust in the tax rate
● whether it’s easy to explain why the AI chose the tax rate it
Social Studies
did
AI Snapshots
38
Recognizing the face recognition debate
In early 2020, the city of London began

rolling out live facial recognition in some
public locations to “scan crowds and identify
Social Studies
individuals in real time”. At the same time, the

city of Berlin decided to cancel its effort to
install facial recognition in train stations due
to claims that it was unconstitutional.
What are the potential benefits and risks of facial recognition

technology?
AI Snapshots
38
● being constantly monitored feels like an invasion of privacy

for many
● the technology isn’t 100% accurate and can lead to
Social Studies
mistaken identity
● the technology has been used by authoritarian
governments
● people have low trust in companies to use the tech for good
AI Snapshots
39 Design
AI for GTA
challenge!
In LA, grand theft auto carries a sentence of

up to 3 years in prison. But judges have the
Social Studies
power to decide between, no jail time, 3

years, and anything in between. Left in the
hands of individual judges, sentencing can
end up being racially biased.

problem using using court records?
AI Snapshots
39
● Bias in previous court records

● How sentencing guidelines are determined
● Who should build this technology
Social Studies
● What happens to people who have already been unfairly

sentenced
● Potential pushback in the legal community
AI Snapshots
40
The masses love karaoke
South Korea’s recently elected president used

deepfakes in his campaign: AI-generated
videos of him speaking that appear 100%
Social Studies
real. His avatar was created using 20 hours of

video and made him appear friendlier than
usual, answering questions about his
personality type and favorite karaoke songs.
Should politicians be allowed to use deepfakes when running

for office and why or why not?
AI Snapshots
40
● whether a deepfake is a reasonable reflection of a person, if

they approved it
● how much time and money deepfakes might save for a
Social Studies
campaign
● if it’s realistic to be able to prevent deepfakes
AI Snapshots
41
Catching Snorlax but it’s for my education
● I am curious about financial machine
learning, ethics, democracy and
philosophy.
● I studied Pokemon Go, asking questions
Social Studies
like "do games teach better than

schools?"
● I once wrote a paper called "Are
Algorithms Affecting the Democracy in
Brazil?"

AI Snapshots
41
I am…
Victor Silva!
● Ph.D. Student at the University of

Alberta, Canada
Social Studies
● Publishes in both English and

Portuguese
● Shared that working organizations
like LatinX in AI makes him “feel
embraced by a multicultural
community”
AI Snapshots
42
Can’t trust this
Humans tend to favor suggestions from

automated decision-making systems while
Social Studies
ignoring contradictory information made

without automation. This tendency is called
"automation bias".

fiction?
AI Snapshots
42
This is…
AI Fact!
Humans tend to think of AI as more objective or impartial

compared with our own judgments. It’s natural to follow the
Social Studies
decision made by an AI without questioning it.
However, AI systems are just as flawed as humans are. It’s

important to question why and how an AI comes to its
conclusions.
AI Snapshots
43 Design
Automating wall street
challenge!
Human stock traders make decisions based on

knowledge, experience, facts, and intuition.
Social Studies
A successful trader will have a 50 - 60%

accuracy rate which can translate to millions
or even billions of dollars of mistakes over
time.

problem using using stock prices?
AI Snapshots
43
● How humans use facts to make predictions

● How to account for the loss of human intuition
● What makes an acceptable level of accuracy
Social Studies
● Who has access to this technology
AI Snapshots
44
Dating texts (but it's not what you think)
An AI called Ithaca can “restore missing text

of damaged inscriptions, identify their
original location, and help establish the date
Social Studies
they were created … Ithaca achieves 62%

accuracy in restoring damaged texts … and
can date texts to within 30 years of their
ground-truth date ranges.”

harmed by it?
AI Snapshots
44
● could help researchers understand the history of old texts

● could cause political conflicts if artifacts need to be returned
to their home country
Social Studies
● if the AI is very accurate and easy to use, archaeologists may

be out of a job
AI Snapshots
45
Can you hear me now?
Have some companies resorted to collecting

audio data for AI from video calls even while
Social Studies
you're muted? Researchers at the University

of Wisconsin discovered evidence that some
video chat platforms listened in while users
were muted some or all of the time.
You're in charge. How would you respond to this report?
AI Snapshots
45
● directly requesting clarification from companies about

whether they do this
● asking about how that data is used
Social Studies
● passing a law preventing this practice or fining companies

that have used it
AI Snapshots
AI Snapshots?
AI Snapshots

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The AI Education Project presents

180 warmups for core classrooms

Two introductory warmups 10

Science warmups 107

Math warmups 199

Social studies warmups 291

How to use this document

Each subject includes 10 warmups

Students use Google to tell fact from

These are clearly marked with the

AI Snapshots for all classrooms

Artificial intelligence is behind much of the

powers the GPS that gets you to your

🚨 🚨 Internet access required!

Use your Google search skills to find three different

● What words come up over and over again, like “human

definition more clear

Our definition of AI for AI Snapshots

Henn Na Hotel replaced 243 staff members

Check-in robots couldn’t answer questions or

How would you teach a robot to perform one of these tasks

● How humans learn to complete new tasks

AI Snapshots for the English classroom

Google is investing in developing an

language. Google argues that the chatbot feels

Should talking with a chatbot replace traditional search? Why

● How easy it is to interact with a chatbot vs a search engine

Streaming service Twitch has trouble with

"aggressive" chat users with chat behavior of

Who could benefit from this technology and who could be

● It might be possible for someone to be wrongfully banned

● What does this filter miss?

While writing bots that could talk to each

English. As a result, bots produced sentences

🚨 🚨 Internet access required!

Use your Google search skills to find out: is this AI fact or

Researchers at Facebook had AI chatbots compete to get the best

→ I helped create an AI that can beat 99.95%

translating sentences from one language to

🚨 🚨 Internet access required!

Use your Google search skills to find out: who am I?

can play the complex, chess-like

Concentrating, calculating, bored, or lost in

student's emotional state during class.

How would you design an AI that can learn to solve this

● How do humans judge each others’ emotional states?

The AI team at Meta developed a new AI

text, the AI can produce “expressive

Who could benefit from this technology and who could be

● What is the point of having an AI voice yawn or cry?

movies or people who read audiobooks?

In the days of 280 character tweets and 15-

some may still want to enjoy the story of a

How would you design an AI that can learn to solve this

● How attention spans actually work

Let’s admit it, we all judge books by their

covers, including a background image, title,

Who could benefit from this technology and who could be