GIBBEREL

LIN
Presented by: \_Anu_/
 Gibberellin (GA) is a plant hormone regulating key
processes in plants; many of them are of significant
agricultural importance, such as seed germination,
WHAT IS root and shoot elongation, flowering, and fruit
patterning.
GIBBERELL
IN? Chemically speaking, gibberellins are actually acids.
They are produced in the plant cell's plastids, or the
double membrane-bound organelles responsible for
making food, and are eventually transferred to the
endoplasmic reticulum of the cell, where they are
modified and prepared for use.
The Role of Gibberellin in Stem
Elongation
• In some plants species their height is partially
controlled by their genes
• The Le gene dictates the height of some plants
• It has two alleles: Le and le
• The dominant allele Le produces tall
plants when present
• The recessive allele le produces shorter
plants when present (in
a homozygous individual)
• The gene regulates the production of
an enzyme that is involved in a pathway that
forms active gibberellin GA1
• Active gibberellin is a hormone that helps plants
grow by stimulating cell division and elongation in
the stem
• The recessive allele le results in non-
functional enzyme
• It is only one nucleotide different to the
dominant allele
• This causes a single amino acid
substitution (threonine -> alanine) in the
primary structure of the enzyme
• This change in primary structure occurs
at the active site of the enzyme, making
it non-functional
• Without this enzyme no active gibberellin is
formed and plants are unable to grow tall
• Plants that are homozygous for the recessive
allele le are dwarves
• Some farmers apply active gibberellin to
shorter plants to stimulate growth
Gibberellin- DELLA protein
The plant hormone, gibberellin,
controls seed germination in
plants such as wheat and barley
by stimulating the synthesis of
amylase.
A DELLA protein inhibits the
binding of a transcription factor,
such as phytochrome interacting
protein (PIF), to a gene promoter.
It is a good example of how a
hormone can influence
transcription. It has been shown Gibberellin has this effect by
that, in barley seeds, application causing the breakdown of DELLA
of gibberellin causes an increase proteins.
in the transcription of mRNA
coding for amylase.
By causing the breakdown of the
Transcription of the gene can
DELLA protein, gibberellin allows
then take place, resulting in an
PIF to bind to its target
increase in amylase production.
promoter.
(8) A2 Biology - transcription factors and gibberellin - YouTube