Citing References

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Definition of terms

Points to Ponder:
➢ Definition of terms must be listed alphabetically.
➢ Define only terms or variables that have unique use
or meaning in the study being conducted.
➢ Using of definitions from dictionary, as much as
possible, is avoided. Define or explain variables or
terms on how it is operationally used in the study.
➢ In defining a term, use only one paragraph.
Citing Related Literature Using
Standard Styles
Remember!!!!!!!

✘In taking down notes for your review of


related literature, you should also include
where you get those details so that you
can acknowledge the creator.
formats in citing sources

✓ APA (American Psychological ✓ MLA (Modern Language


Association). APA is an author/date- Association). MLA is most often
based style. This means emphasis is applied by the arts and humanities
placed on the author and the date of particularly in the USA. It is
a piece of work to uniquely identify probably the most used of all citation
it. (Author, date) Author (Date) styles. (Author page), Author (page)

 AMA (American Medical Association) or Vancouver. The


Vancouver system is mainly used in medical and scientific
papers.
Source Format for APA Reference Style

Website with author Lastname, F. M. (Date published). Title of the page.


Retrieved from URL

Kraizer, S. G. (2005). Safe child. Retrieved from


http://www.safechild.org

Website with unknown author Title of the page. (Date published). Retrieved from URL

Penn State Myths. (2006). Retrieved from


http://www.psoedu.ur/about/myths
Source Format for APA Reference Style

Book by a single author Lastname, F. M. (Year). Title of book: Subtitle of book.


Publication City, State: Publisher.

Rollin, B.E. (2006). Science and ethics. New York, NY: Cambridge
University Press.

Book by two authors Lastname, F. M. (Year). Title of book. Publication City, State:
Publisher.

Sherman, C., & Prince, G. (2011). The invisible web: Uncovering


information sources search engines can’t see. Melford, NJ: Cyber
Age Books.
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