Conditional Statements

Logical Expression and Conditional Statement if-else

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Table of Contents

1. Review
2. Logical Expressions
▪ Comparison Operators
3. Conditional Statements
4. Rounding and Formatting
5. Debugging
6. Sequence of Conditions
7. Variable Scope 2
Previous Lesson Review
Review
1. What is the type of the variable: ... number = "1000";

char int

String
double

4
Review
2. What is the type of the variable: ... number = 1000;

int String

char
double

5
Review

3. When we join two texts (strings), this operation is called:

Join
Concatenate

Glue Merge

6
Review
4. What will be printed on the console if we run the following
command: System.out.println(10 % 3);

1
10

0 3
7
Review
5. What value does the variable result hold:

7
int a = 5;
int b = 2;
2.5
double result = a / b;
1
2.0

8
Review

6. What would be the result if we try to execute the following

command: System.out.println(1 + 1 + "4" + 2 + 1);

Compile
243
time error

9 2421

9
 ==
Logical Expressions
Comparison Operators
Comparison Operators

Operator Notation Applicable for

Equals ==
Not equals !=
Greater than > numbers, symbols,
other comparable
Greater than or equals >= types
Less than <
Less than or equals <=

11
Comparing Values: Numbers
▪ In programming we can compare values
▪ The result of the logical expressions is either true or false
int a = 5;
int b = 10;
System.out.println(a < b); // true
System.out.println(a > 0); // true
System.out.println(a > 100); // false
System.out.println(a < a); // false
System.out.println(a <= 5); // true
System.out.println(b == 2 * a); // true
12
Comparing Values: Strings
▪ Comparing text (strings) == by address in memory
String a = "Examplе";
String b = a; The memory address
System.out.println(a == b); // true is the same

Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

String a = scanner.nextLine(); Enter the
String b = scanner.nextLine(); same value
System.out.println(a == b); // false
13
Comparing Values: String.equals(…)

▪ We compare String variables using the equals method

▪ Compare texts with equals by value:

Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

String a = scanner.nextLine(); Enter the same
String b = scanner.nextLine(); value
System.out.println(a.equals(b)); // true

14
Boolean Variable
▪ boolean – a keyword that initializes a Boolean variable

▪ The only two values for it are true or false

boolean isValid = true;

▪ We can have a condition, that will return true or false

boolean isPositive = a > 0;

15
Boolean Variable – Example

int a = 5;
boolean isPositive = a > 0;
System.out.println(isPositive); // true

int a = -5;
boolean isPositive = a > 0;
System.out.println(isPositive); // false

16
Conditional Statements
Simple Conditions
Simple Conditions
▪ We often check conditions and perform actions
according to the result
Condition
(Boolean expression)
Executable code if the
if (...) { condition is true
// code to execute
}

▪ The result is true or false

18
Excellent Result – Problem
▪ Write a program that:
▪ Reads a score (number) entered by the user
▪ Checks if it is excellent
▪ Prints "Excellent" on the console, if the grade is greater or equal
to 5
▪ Example:
4 no output

5 Excellent
19
 Read input

grade >= 5 No output

false

true

Print ‘Excellent’

Test your solution: https://judge.softuni.org/Contests/Compete/Index/3449#0 20

Simple Conditions: if-else
▪ If the condition is false, we can perform other actions by
using the else construction

if (...) {
// code to execute
} else { Code to execute if the
// code to execute condition is false
}

21
Block of Code (1)
▪ Curly braces { } enter a block (group of commands)
String color = "red";
if (color.equals("red")) {
System.out.println("tomato");
} else {
System.out.println("banana");
}
System.out.println("bye");
Always executes - not part of
the if / else construct
22
Block of Code (2)

▪ If we include brackets, the corresponding block is

executed
String color = "red"; The rows in the block
if (color.equals("red")) { are executed
System.out.println("tomato");
System.out.println("It is red.");
} else {
System.out.println("banana");
System.out.println("bye");
}

23
Greater Number – Problem
▪ Write a program that:
▪ Reads two integers
▪ Prints "Greater number: "
▪ Prints the greater number, on the console
▪ Example:

5 7
8 7
8 3
24
 Read input

num1 > num2 Print num2

false

true

Print num1

Test your solution: https://judge.softuni.org/Contests/Compete/Index/3449#1 25

Even or Odd – Problem
▪ Write a program that:
▪ Checks whether a number is even or odd
▪ If it is even print "even"
▪ If it is odd print "odd"
▪ Example:
4 еven

7 odd
26
Even or Odd – Solution

Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

int num = Integer.parseInt(scanner.nextLine());
if (num % 2 == 0) {
System.out.println("even");
} else {
System.out.println("odd");
}

Test your solution: https://judge.softuni.org/Contests/Compete/Index/3449#2 27

Rounding and Formatting
Rounding Numbers
▪ In programming we can round floating-point numbers
▪ Round to the next (bigger) integer:
double up = Math.ceil(23.45); // 24.0

▪ Round to previous (smaller) integer:

double down = Math.floor(45.67); // 45.0

▪ Finding the absolute value

int example1 = Math.Abs(-50); // 50
int example2 = Math.Abs(50); // 50
29
Rounding and Formatting

▪ Format to 2 decimal places:

System.out.printf("%.2f", 123.456); // 123.46

Number of symbols
after the decimal point

System.out.printf("%.2f", 123.9); // 123.90

System.out.printf("%.3f", 123.9); // 123.900

30
 Debugging
Simple Debugging Operations
Debugging
▪ Debugging == the process of monitoring the
implementation of the program
▪ This allows us to detect bugs

Breakpoint

32
Debugging in IntelliJ IDEA
▪ Pressing [Shift + F9] will start the program in debug mode
▪ We can move on to the next step with [F8]
▪ [Ctrl + F8] adds a
breakpoint
▪ We can reach them
directly using [F9]

33
Sequence of Conditions
Complex Conditional Statements
Sequence of Conditions
▪ The if/else - if/else… is a series of conditions
if (...)
// code to execute
else if (...)
// code to execute
else if (...)
// code

▪ If one condition is true, the program does not proceed to

check the other conditions
35
Sequence of Conditions – Problem
▪ The program checks the first condition,
determines that it is true, and ends
int a = 7;
if (a > 4)
System.out.println("Bigger than 4");
else if (a > 5) The result will
be only "Bigger
System.out.println("Bigger than 5"); than 4"
else
System.out.println("Equal to 7");
36
Sequence of Conditions - Problem
▪ The program checks each condition, determines if
it is true, and closes
int a = 7;
if (a > 4) The result is:
"Bigger than 4"
System.out.println("Bigger than 4"); "Bigger than 5"
if (a > 5) "Equal to 7"
System.out.println("Bigger than 5");
if (a == 7)
System.out.println("Equal to 7");
37
 Variable Scope
Range of Use for the Variables
Variable Scope
▪ Variable scope == the range in which it can be used
▪ Example: the variable salary exits only in the code block of
the if-construct

String currentDay = "Monday";

if (currentDay.equals("Monday")) {
double salary =
Double.parseDouble(scanner.nextLine());
} // Error
System.out.println(salary);
39
Conditional Statements
Solving Problems in Class (Lab)
Area of Figures – Problem
▪ Write a program that:
▪ Reads a geometric shape
("square", "rectangle", "circle" or "triangle")
▪ Calculates the area according to the type of figure
▪ Example: square
25
5

rectangle
7 17.5
2.5
41
Area of Figures – Solution
String shape = scanner.nextLine();
double area = 0.0;
if (shape.equals("square")) {
double side = Double.parseDouble(scanner.nextLine());
area = side * side;
} else if (shape.equals("rectangle")) {
double sideA = Double.parseDouble(scanner.nextLine());
double sideB = Double.parseDouble(scanner.nextLine());
area = sideA * sideB;
} // TODO: add more conditions
System.out.println(area);
Test your solution: https://judge.softuni.org/Contests/Compete/Index/3449#0 42
What Have We Learned Today?

▪▪ Comparison
… operators: >, <, ==, !=, …
▪▪ Conditional
… statement constructions:
if and if-else
▪ …
▪ Rounding and formatting: %.2f
▪ Sequence of conditions: if-else-if-else-
…
▪ Debugging: breakpoints and watches
▪ Variable scope: inside the {} block
43
Questions?

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45
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