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Inbound 4938678055244097566
Inbound 4938678055244097566
Inbound 4938678055244097566
Article III, Section 12 of the 1987 Constitution (also known as the Bill of
Rights) states that any person under investigation for the commission of
Signs of Guilt
a) Being sensitive to the effects of every action.
b) Overwhelmed by possibly making the “wrong” decision.
c) Low self-esteem.
d) Putting others before yourself until it's detrimental.
e) Avoiding your full range of emotions.
How does someone act when guilty?
A guilty person will tends to have more emotionally-charged dialogue with you.
"Someone harboring a guilty conscience may be quick to jump to extreme anger
when questioned," because they are perceiving you as a 'threat,' fight or flight is
activated.
What is psychological guilt?
Guilt is an emotional state where we experience conflict at having
done something that we believe we should not have done (or
conversely, having not done something we believe we should have
done). This can give rise to a feeling state which does not go away
easily and can be difficult to endure.
What is the root cause of guilt?
Some common causes of guilt include: surviving trauma or disaster.
conflict between personal values and choices you've made. mental or
physical health concerns.
is a special study of modern techniques in the investigation of serious and specific crimes including
murder, homicide, rape, abortion, robbery, arson kidnapping, blackmail, car napping and criminal
negligence. The emphasis is on physical evidence rather than an extra judicial confession. Special
crime investigation focuses on specific crimes which by their nature are difficult and complex to
investigate.
ABC of INVESTIGATION
by placing it in a paper bag or envelope. Close, seal, or tape the paper bag or
envelope. The examiner must initial, date, and time across the sealed area.
What are the steps for collecting physical evidence?
The five steps recommended in collecting and preserving evidence are (1)
obtaining it legally; (2) describing the evidence in detailed notes; (3) identifying
the evidence, the date/time it was collected or transferred, and the purpose for
the transfer.
What is meant by the chain of evidence?
A process and record that shows who obtained the evidence; where and when
the evidence was obtained; who secured the evidence; and who had control
a must to assure the court of law that the evidence is authentic, i.e., it is the
same evidence seized at the crime scene. It was, at all times, in the custody of a
Procedure:
To maximize the recovery and evaluation of all types of physical evidence, the investigator should ensure:
A. The preparation of an evidence recovery log that documents information such as:
◆ Item number.
◆ Description.
◆ Location found (grid number if used).
◆ Collector’s name.
◆ Markings (either directly on the item or indirectly on the package)
◆ Packaging method.
◆ Miscellaneous comments.
The identification of evidence by:
• Assigning personnel to designated search areas.
• Initiating scene-specific search pattern(s) and procedures,
including examination of immobile structures for possible
evidence.
• Attempting to determine the method of commission of crime
• Establishing the seat(s) of the evidences(s), if present.
• Documenting structural damage, bent signs, thermal effects, if
any.
• Examining the crater, vehicles, structures, etc.
• Documenting the location(s) of victims prior to and after the
incident
• Ensuring that victims are examined for component fragments. Or
evidences be found in the body of the crime. (Autopsies should
include)
Ensure That All Investigative Steps
Are Documented
Principle:
To ensure that the permanent record will be complete, the investigator should review all
The scene may be released only upon conclusion of the onsite investigation and a thorough evidence
collection process.
EVIDENCES COLLECTION
Cases Under Special Crime
Investigation
Homicide/Murder cases
A. The three bridges in homicide investigation which shall
not be crossed.
A. The body has been removed
B. When the cadaver has been embalmed
C. When the dead person is burned or cremated
B. Autopsy – it is the process by which the pathologist or
the medico legal officer conduct examination of the
cadaver to determine the exact cause of death.
Methods of Identifying the Deceased
1. Fingerprint
2. Skeletal studies by an anthropologist
3. Visual inspection
4. Personal effects
5. Tattoo marks
6. Dental evidence by the forensic deontologist
7. Clothing's
8. Photographs
Homicide Investigation
1. Victimology
What makes homicides unique from property and non-violent crimes is the
fact that there is a victim. The victim is very often the most important
investigative tool, since a lot of information can be revealed about the case
from studying the victim. If investigators can answer the question why the
victim was targeted, then they are often lead to the motive and potentially
their offender. Areas of the victim’s lifestyle, habits, relationships,
employment, personality, leisure activities, alcohol/drug abuse, dating
habits, etc. are excellent sources of information about what increased the
victim’s risk.
2. Crime Scene Indicators
The location, environment, and time of day may present significant clues as
to the nature of the perpetrator and the amount of risk he is willing to take
and shed light on the motive of the criminal.
It is also possible for there to be several crime scenes as well, such as if the
victim was transported at some point during the crime, and that may tell
investigators how organized the criminal is. The disposition of the body at
the crime scene, if it was concealed, displayed, or positioned may also tell
investigators a lot about the criminal and if there was a message sent by the
murder. Furthermore, items are often left at the scene, such as a weapon,
or removed from the scene, such as a souvenir, which can narrow down the
type of criminal, and restraints or other tools of the crime left at the scene
can potentially paint a better picture of the crime.
3. Staging
This is the purposeful alteration of the crime scene, meant to mislead
investigators. Inconsistencies in the crime scene often uncover staging
attempts.
4. Forensic Findings
The value of physical evidence at the crime scene is well known and can be
crucial to any homicide investigation. The cause of death, types of trauma,
indications of sexual assault, toxicology reports, and
hair/DNA/fingerprint/etc. analysis can all lead to apprehending the criminal.
5. Investigative Considerations
These considerations are usually taken once the homicide has been
classified, and may include search warrants, locating and interviewing
witnesses, and documenting the crime scene.
valid because by her age, she could not give valid consent
Interrogation and Interview
What is interrogation
• interrogation, in criminal law, process of questioning by which police
obtain evidence.
• The main purpose of a police Interrogation is to obtain a confession
and to come to the objective truth, or other critical information about
the crime, from an interviewed suspect, who is subject of
interrogation.
• When the police arrest someone they suspect has committed a crime,
they frequently interrogate the suspect to seek a confession. Whether
or not the suspect is actually guilty, the police interrogators may
attempt to manipulate them psychologically into giving a confession.
What are good interrogation questions?
• What happened? ...
• What was the date, time, and duration of the incident or behavior?
• How many times did this happen, that you're aware of?
• Where did it happen?
• How did it happen?
• Did anyone else see it happen? ...
• Was there physical contact? ...
• What did you do in response to the incident or behavior?
What is the law of interrogation?