BASIC OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY

AND HEALTH
Module 1a Physical Material
and Waste Hazards Control
 Physical, Material and Waste Hazards
Control
Course Learning Outcome
Understand the nature and become aware of the
controls of physical hazards
Recognizes the source, existence and impact of
hazardous materials and wastes
Topic Learning Outcomes
Describe the fire tetrahedron (elements) thereby
enhances understanding on how fire is
extinguished.
Explain how physical hazard controls puts
equipment and machineries safe for operations .
 Physical, Material and Waste Hazards
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Hazardous Materials & Wastes
The hazardous waste management program uses the term
solid waste to denote something that is a waste. EPA
developed hazardous waste regulations that define in more
detail what materials are solid waste for the purposes of
RCRA Subtitle C (hazardous waste) regulation.

Simply defined, a hazardous waste is a waste with properties

that make it dangerous or capable of having a harmful effect
on human health or the environment. Hazardous waste is
generated from many sources, ranging from industrial
manufacturing process wastes to batteries and may come in
many forms, including liquids, solids gases, and sludges.
Physical, Material and Waste Hazards
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Hazardous Materials & Wastes
 Physical, Material and Waste Hazards
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•Solid Wastes Which Are Not Hazardous Wastes
•Household Hazardous Waste Agricultural wastes
•Mining Overburden Fossil Fuel Combustion Waste
•Oil, Gas, and Geothermal Trivalent Chromium
Wastes
Wastes
• Mining and Mineral Processing Petroleum Contaminated Media
Wastes & Debris from Underground
Storage Tanks
• Injected Groundwater Spend Chloroflurcarbon Refrigerants
• Used Oil Filters Used Oil Filters
• Used Oil Distillation BottomsLandfill Leachhate or Gas Condensate
• Listed wasges Derived from certain listed wastes
Physical, Material and Waste Hazards
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Hazardous Materials & Wastes
Precautionary Measures for Emergencies:
(1) Warning Devices: Suitable warning device shall be
installed wherever possible, to alert the personnel in
case of the liberation of dangerous quantities of said
substances.
(2) Training of Personnel:
Workers shall be trained on procedures to control the
liberation of hazardous substances, eliminate pollution, and
to evacuate from the affected area in an orderly manner.
 Physical, Material and Waste Hazards
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Hazardous Materials & Wastes
(1) Working Clothing:

(2) All personnel exposed to irritating or toxic

substances shall be provided with appropriate
protective clothing including head covering, which
shall:
• Be removed before eating or leaving the premises
and kept in places provided for the purpose;
• not be taken out of the factory by the users for
any purpose; and be maintained in good condition
and washed or cleaned at least once a week.
 Physical, Material and Waste Hazards
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Hazardous Materials & Wastes
• The following are examples of mitigation measures that
could be applied to reduce hazardous 7naterials and waste
management impacts of a project depending upon site- and
project-specific conditions. Hazardous materials and waste
management impacts are related to the types and amount of
equipment and machinery used for the project and the wastes
they produce and material shipments and construction
wastes. Many impacts can be reduced or avoided when
considered during the siting and design phase.
• Develop a final set of mitigation measures for any project in
consultation with the appropriate federal resource
management agencies and stakeholders. Conduct these
consultations early in the project development process and
preferably prior to final project siting and design.
 Physical, Material and Waste Hazards
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Hazardous Materials & Wastes
General mitigation practices and principles that could apply to
any or all phases of an oil and gas project include:
Implement plans for hazardous materials management,
waste management, spill prevention and response,
stormwater management, and pesticide management.
Provide secondary containment for all on-site hazardous
materials and waste storage, including fuel. (Fuels storage
should be a temporary activity and fuel storage facilities
should be removed immediately upon completion of the
construction and decommissioning phases.)
Containerize and periodically remove wastes for disposal at
appropriate off-site permitted disposal facilities. Document
accidental releases as to cause, corrective actions taken,
and resulting environmental or health and safety impacts.
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Hazardous Materials & Wastes
OSH Standards Rule no. 1093.04 : Marking of
Containers
All containers with hazardous substances shall be
properly labelled. No employer within the scope of
this Rule shall accept any container of hazardous
substances for use, handling or storage unless
such container are labelled.
(1) Specific Labelling Requirements.
(2) Other Aspects of Labelling
(3) Marking of Labels:
 Physical, Material and Waste Hazards
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What is hazardous waste?
• EPA begins by defining all waste as a “solid” waste (including solids, liquids,
gases, and semi-solids)
• 40 CFR 261.2 provides the definition of “solid waste:”
• (a)(1) A solid waste is any discarded material that is not excluded under
§ 261.4(a) or that is not excluded by variance granted under §§ 260.30 and
260.31 or that is not excluded by a non-waste determination under §§260.30
and 260.34.
• (2) A discarded material is any material which is:
• (i) Abandoned, as explained in paragraph (b) of this section; or
• (ii) Recycled, as explained in paragraph (c) of this section; or
• (iii) Considered inherently waste-like, as explained in paragraph (d) of this
section; or
• (iv) A military munition identified as a solid waste in 40 CFR 266.202.
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EPA Definition of a Hazardous Waste (cont.)
If the waste material meets certain criteria, and is not
somehow exempted or excluded from regulation, it may
be a RCRA-regulated HW
The legal definition of HW is found in 40 CFR 261.3
(a) A solid waste, as defined in §261.2, is a hazardous
waste if:
(1) It is not excluded from regulation as a
hazardous waste under §261.4(b); and
(2) It meets any of the following criteria: (continue
to next slide)
 Physical, Material and Waste Hazards
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EPA Definition of a Hazardous Waste (cont.)
(i) It exhibits any of the characteristics of hazardous waste
identified in subpart C of this part. However, any mixture of
a waste from the extraction, beneficiation, and processing
of ores and minerals excluded under § 261.4(b)(7) and
any other solid waste exhibiting a characteristic of
hazardous waste under subpart C is a hazardous waste
only if it exhibits a characteristic that would not have been
exhibited by the excluded waste alone if such mixture had
not occurred, or if it continues to exhibit any of the
characteristics exhibited by the non-excluded wastes prior
to mixture. Further,
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EPA Definition of a Hazardous Waste (cont.)

Further, for the purposes of applying the Toxicity

Characteristic to such mixtures, the mixture is also a
hazardous waste if it exceeds the maximum concentration
for any contaminant listed in table I to § 261.24 that would
not have been exceeded by the excluded waste alone if
the mixture had not occurred or if it continues to exceed
the maximum concentration for any contaminant exceeded
by the nonexempt waste prior to mixture..
 Physical, Material and Waste Hazards
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Categories of Hazardous Waste
Hazardous waste determinations are based upon whether
the material is a:
Characteristic waste
Listed on the D-list or TCLP (Toxicity Characteristic
Leaching Procedure)
Listed waste
Materials specifically identified on one of the following
lists: F, K, U or P lists
Universal waste
Batteries, lamps, pesticides, mercury from thermometers
 Physical, Material and Waste Hazards
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Characteristic Wastes
D001 – Ignitable Wastes (flashpoint is less than

140º F) includes oxidizers

D002 – Corrosive Wastes (pH less than or equal
to 2 or greater than or equal to 12.5)
D003 – Reactive Wastes (water reactive,
normally unstable materials, cyanides &
sulfides, etc)
D004 – TCLP Wastes
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Listed Wastes
F-listed wastes are from non-specific sources
Example: halogenated solvents used to degrease
equipment
K-listed wastes are from specific sources
Example: petroleum refining or pesticide manufacturing
U-listed wastes are toxic wastes
P-listed wastes are acute hazardous wastes
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Examples of U-Listed Wastes

Acetaldehyde 1,4-Dioxane
Acetone Ethyl acetate
Acetonitrile Ethyl ether
Aniline Formaldehyde
Benzene Methyl alcohol
Bromoform Methylene chloride
1-Butanol Phenol
Chloroform Toluene
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Examples of P-Listed Wastes
Allyl alcohol Osmium tetroxide

Ammonium vanadate Phenylthiourea

Arsenic acid Potassium cyanide

Arsenic trioxide Sodium azide

Carbon disulfide Sodium cyanide

2,4-Dinitrophenol Thiosemicarbazide

Fluorine Vanadium oxide

Nitric oxide Vanadium pentoxide

Physical, Material and Waste Hazards
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Universal Wastes

Universal wastes include the following materials

that are commonly found in the workplace
Batteries
Fluorescent lamps
Pesticides
Thermometers (containing mercury)
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Other Waste: Aerosol Cans
Aerosol cans are considered hazardous waste under the
definition of “Characteristic Reactivity”
40 CFR Part 261.23: “….capable of detonation or
explosive reaction if it is subjected to a strong initiating
source or if heated under confinement.”
Often contain hazardous materials, either as the product or as
the propellant
Most aerosol cans, regardless of contents, can never be
completely emptied of propellant
Aerosol cans become a waste when…
their contents are used up,
malfunction (i.e. fail to spray), or when the contents are no
longer needed
 Physical, Material and Waste Hazards
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Other Wastes: Used Oil
Used oil means:
any oil that has been refined from crude oil, or any
synthetic oil, that has been used and as a result of such
use, is contaminated by physical or chemical impurities
(40 CFR 279.1)
Used oil must be:
Collected in clean containers in good condition (no leakers)
Storage and transfer containers must be marked with the
words “Used Oil”
Never add solvents, part washer fluids, carb cleaners, or
glycol to your used oil
Physical, Material and Waste Hazards
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Other Wastes: Used Oil
Keep the “used oil” container closed (lid in place and secured) except
when adding or removing used oil
If you use a funnel for transfers, the funnel must be removed when
not in use and the container capped
See slide #45 to make on online request to have your used oil
removed
 Physical, Material and Waste Hazards
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Wastes: Containers and Storage
Only use containers that are compatible with the materials
to be collected
Always label containers with a description of their
contents
Don’t store incompatible materials together
Do not store wastes in the fume hood. Store in the
appropriate storage cabinet (e.g., flammable, acid)
Provide secondary containment for liquid wastes
Always keep the container closed (lid firmly secured)
A funnel in an open bottle is NOT a lid
Check waste storage areas regularly (weekly).
Inspect containers to make sure they aren’t getting brittle
or starting to crack
 Physical, Material and Waste Hazards
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Emergency Response
Chemical Spills
Report all spills to ERT if there is an immediate threat of
harm to life or property
Dispatch will call DENR-EMB Hazmat Section or the
FNSB Hazmat Team, if necessary, to request assistance
with spill cleanup
Depending on the nature of the spill, you may be asked
to complete the UAF Oil and Hazardous Substance Spill
Reporting Form (available from DENR-EMB)