THE 1ST GENERATION OF

COMPUTER
1ST GENERATION COMPUTER
introduction
History of computers

The 1st mechanical computer in the early 19th century was invented by an
English mechanical engineer and polymath, originated the concept of a
programmable computer. Considered the “father of computers", he
conceptualized and invented the computer.
ANALYTICAL
ENGINE
This calculating machine was also
developed by Charles Babbage in 1830. It
was a mechanical computer that used
punch-cards as input. It was capable of
solving any mathematical problem and
storing information as a permanent
memory.
DIFFERENCE
ENGINE
In the early 1820s, it was designed by
Charles Babbage who is known as "Father of
Modern Computer". It was a mechanical
computer which could perform simple
calculations. It was a steam driven
calculating machine designed to solve
tables of numbers like logarithm tables.
FIRST GENERATION
COMPUTERS
ENIAC (1946)

EDSAC (1949)

EDVAC (1950)

UNIVAC (1951)

IBM-701

IBM-650
 ENIAC(1946)
•Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer)
was the first programmable, electronic, general-
purpose digital computer, completed in 1945.
There were other computers that had
combinations of these features, but the ENIAC had
all of them in one computer.
•was designed by John von Neumann, John
Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert to calculate artillery
firing tables for the United States Army's Ballistic
Research Laboratory (which later became a part of
the Army Research Laboratory).
EDSAC (1949)
• Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator (EDSAC) was
an early British computer.
• by John von Neumann's seminal First Draft of a Report on
the EDVAC, the machine was constructed by Maurice Wilkes
and his team at the University of Cambridge Mathematical
Laboratory in England.
• develop a commercially applied computer and succeeding
in Lyons' development of LEO I, based on the EDSAC design.
• EDSAC started during 1947,[3] and it ran its first programs
on 6 May 1949, when it calculated a table of square
numbers[4] and a list of prime numbers.
EDVAC(1950)
• Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer was
one of the earliest electronic computers. It was built
by Moore School of Electrical Engineering,
Pennsylvania.
• it was binary rather than decimal, and was designed
to be a stored-program computer.
• John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert, proposed the
EDVAC's construction in August 1944.
• was delivered to the Ballistic Research Laboratory in
1949. The Ballistic Research Laboratory became a
part of the US Army Research Laboratory in 1952.
 UNIVAC (1951)
• Universal Automatic Computer, one of the
earliest commercial computers.
• UNIVAC was built from the start as a stored-
program computer.
• UNIVAC I was designed as a commercial data-
processing computer, intended to replace the
punched-card accounting machines of the day.
• could read 7,200 decimal digits per second (it
did not use binary numbers), making it by far
the fastest business machine yet built.
 IBM-650
• IBM 650 Magnetic Drum Data-Processing Machine is an early digital computer
produced by IBM in the mid-1950s.
• was installed in late 1954 and it was the most-popular computer of the 1950s.
• was marketed to business, scientific and engineering users as a general-purpose
version of the IBM 701 and IBM 702 computers which were for scientific and business
purposes.
• also marketed to users of punched card machines who were upgrading from
calculating punches.
• 650 was used to pioneer a wide variety of applications
IBM-701

• Electronic Data Processing Machine, Known as defense

calculator.
• invented and developed by Jerrier Haddad and
Nathaniel Rochester based on the IAS machine at
Princeton.
• was the first computer in the IBM 700/7000 series,
which were IBM’s high-end computers.
 ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGE OF THE 1ST
GENERATION COMPUTER
•The 1st generation computers possessed characters made this generation different from other generations of computers.
Although the 1st generation of computers was helpful during the war times, the features of computers of 1 st generation were
incapable; All computers made in the first generation were not able to calculate a large amount of data, and they were slow in
terms of speed.
•It has been discussed by George Dyson that the technology vacuum tubes used in the 1st generation of computers were
very parochial and an inefficient technique.
• On the use of computers made in the 1st generation, the features of the computers of 1st generation had a general impact.
Compared to the advantages it carried, it brought various limitations.
• For instance, due to the fact that the size of the computers, were one of the limitations of using the 1st generation of
computers was unreliable; they produced an enormous amount of heat every time.
•An air conditioner was needed by the 1st generation of computer users on the computer.
•The air conditioner keeps the computer’s operating system cool down that led to work effectively.
•the size of the computers, were one of the limitations of using the 1st generation of computers was unreliable; As they heat up
easily everytime.
•An air conditioner was needed by the 1st generation of computer users on the computer. The air conditioner keeps the
computer’s operating system cool down that led to work effectively.
 DISADVANTAGES OF 1ST GENERATION
•o COMPUTERS
The first generation of computers was heavy in weight as about 30 tones and was very large in size.
•o They consumed high energy.
•o As they used thousands of vacuum tubes through which they heated very soon.
•o Due to the heat very soon, they were needed air condition in the computer room that keeps computer's OS cool down, and
computer work effectively.
•o They needed constant miniatures, and sometimes they shut down automatically because of heating the vacuum tubes.
•o The only big and established organization were capable of buying the first generation of computers as they were much
expensive.
•o They were not portable due to heavy in weight and large in size.
•o They were very slow as they used a very narrow and inefficient technique (vacuum tubes).
•o Also, due to the presence of magnetic drums, they included limited storage capacity only were able to hold a small amount of
information.
•o They were not more functional as have limited programming capabilities.
•o The first generation of the computer was dependent upon the lowest-level programming language known as machine language,
which is understandable only by the computer.
•o They were not able to perform multitasking work and capable of solving only one problem at a time.
•o They had very less work efficiency, and punch cards were used to take inputs in the computers of the first generation.
 ADVANTAGES OF FIRST GENERATION
COMPUTERS
o computers were designed by using vacuum tubes that were the only available at that
These time in the form of electronic components.
o They were able to calculate data in a millisecond; also, they offered the pathway for the
growth of computer generations.
o The first generation of computers were difficult to break, and as they were very robust.
o Also, vacuum tubes that were used in the first generation of computers; also made it
possible to make electronic digital computers.
o Additionally, for easier and faster identification of readings, the color-coded feature was
included in the first generation of computers.
 THE VACUUM TUBE
-alternative called an electron tube or valve was 1st developed by John Ambrose Fleming
in 1904.
The vacuum tube is a glass tube with its gas removed, creating a vacuum.
Vacuum tubes contain electrodes for controlling electron flow and were used in early
computers as a switch or amplifier.
-using vacuum tubes instead of mechanical relays, computers could move away from
mechanical switching and speed up switching on and off the flow of electrons.
Vacuum tubes were also use in radios, televisions, radar equipment, and telephone
systems during the first half of the 1900s.
The invention of the transistor started to replace the vacuum tube, as vacuum tube were
larger, fragile like a light bulb, and expensive.
CHARACTERISTICS OF VACUUM TUBE
• Act as an insulator, heat-resistant, tubular envelopes that surround a vacuum
containing electrodes.
• Have electrical contacts placed on the ends of the vacuum tube, which direct the
current to flow through the vacuum tube via an airtight seal.
• Have leads designed to plug into a tube socket for easy replacement.
• Consist of two or more electrons in a vacuum inside an airtight envelope.
• Have glass envelopes with a glass-to-metal seal based on cover sealable borosilicate
glasses, through ceramic and metal envelopes (a top insulating bases) have been
used.
• Have a grid between the electrodes that controls the flow of electricity
• Were used in early computers as a switch or amplifiers.
 QUIZ
1.WHO INVENTED THE 1ST EVER COMPUTER?
A. CHARLES BABBAGE
B. J. PRESPER ECKERT
C. JOHN AMBROSE FLEMING
D. JOHN MAUCHLY

2.WHAT ARE THE TWO CALCULATING MACHINES THAT WAS INVENTED BY CHARLES BABBAGE?
E. NAPIER’S BONES AND PASCALINE
F. TABULATING MACHINE AND DIFFERENTIAL ANALYZER
G. DIFFERENCE ENGINE AND ANALYTICAL ENGINE
H. TABULATING MACHINE AND MARK I

3-5.GIVE 3 PEOPLES THAT WERE INVOLVED IN MAKING THE ENIAC.

6-10.GIVE 5 TYPES OF 1ST GENERATION COMPUTER.

 THE END!

BY: GRATZELENE PEARL R. CATALAN