Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Intermolecular Forces
Intermolecular Forces
Intermolecular Forces
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
OBJECTIVES:
Describe the general types of
intermolecular forces.
S11/12PS-IIIc-d-17
3. H-bonding
• Van der Waals Forces
A. Dipole-Dipole Forces
11.2
B. Dipole-Induced Forces
11.2
Dispersion forces (London dispersion
forces), were named after the German
physicist Fritz London (1900-1954).
The electron cloud of a neutral sub-
stance can be normally distributed
around the nucleus. At any given time,
the electron distribution may be uneven
resulting in an instantaneous dipole.
This temporary dipole will then influ-
ence the neighbouring atoms through
attractive and repulsive forces.
2. Ion-dipole Interaction
2. Ion-Dipole Forces
Ion-Dipole Interaction
11.2
11.2
3.Hydrogen- bonding Interaction
-H-bonding is a special type of
dipole-dipole interaction between
the H-atoms in a polar bond. It
requires that the H-atoms in the
molecules be bonded with more
electronegative atoms such as O,
N, or F to form H-bonds with
other molecules.
Types of Intermolecular Forces
1. Hydrogen Bond (strongest)
The hydrogen bond is a special dipole-dipole interaction be-
tween the hydrogen atom in a polar N-H, O-H, or F-H bond
and an electronegative O, N, or F atom. IT IS NOT A BOND.
A H… B or A H… A
A & B are N, O, or F
11.2
Hydrogen Bond
11.2
What type(s) of intermolecular forces exist between
each of the following molecules?
HBr
CH4
11.2
ACTIVITY B.
Effect Of Inter-
molecular
Forces On The
Properties Of
Substances.
Properties of Liquids
Strong inter-
molecular
forces
High sur-
face ten-
sion
11.3
An example of surface tension
is capillary action. It is the abil-
ity of liquid molecules to move
against gravity. The forces bring-
ing about capillary action are co-
hesion (intermolecular attraction
between like molecules) and ad-
hesion (an attraction between
unlike molecules.
Properties of Liquids
Adhesion
attracted to glass
Cohesion
Strong inter-
molecular
forces
High vis-
cosity
11.3
Boiling Point and Melting Point