The Chornobyl disaster

Prepared by: Sydorenko Polina

 What is it?
The Chornobyl catastrophe is a man-
made catastrophe caused by the
accident at the Chornobyl nuclear
power plant on April 26, 1986.
As a result of the Chornobyl catastrophe, almost 5
million people were affected, and about 5,000
settlements in the Republic of Belarus, Ukraine and
the Russian Federation were contaminated with
radioactive nuclides. Of these, there are 2,293
settlements and cities in Ukraine with a population of
approximately 2.6 million people. The Chornobyl
accident caused unprecedented exposure of the
population of the above-mentioned states
How many people
were injured?
 .Chornoby
l disaster

The Chornobyl disaster took place in

Ukraine, in the Kyiv region.

In addition to Ukraine, the Republic of

Belarus and the Russian Federation, the
impact of the Chornobyl disaster was felt by
Sweden, Norway, Poland, Austria,
Switzerland, Germany, Finland, Great Britain
and other countries.

pollution map on the territory of Ukraine

How did the accident happen?

On April 26, 1986, at 1:23 a.m., the

reactor of the 4th power unit of the
Chornobyl NPP, located in the city of
Pripyat in the north of the Kyiv
region, exploded. As a result of the
explosion, the reactor and part of the
power unit were destroyed.
Fragments of nuclear fuel and
concrete structures were scattered
by the blast wave in the adjacent
territory and the roof of the adjacent
(through a common wall) 3rd power
unit. Later, the spread of pollution in
Ukraine, Belarus and others was
revealed. countries. 3/4 of Europe
was contaminated with radioactive
cesium.
Why did this happen? (Reasons)

According to the official version, the accident

was caused by the actions of shift personnel
during an experiment related to the run-out
of the turbogenerator rotor and increased
power output in the core. Later, the study of
the causes of the reactor explosion showed
the existence of a set of socio-political and
scientific and technical preconditions for the
accident. Among them: the state policy of the
USSR on the development of nuclear energy,
careless attitude to its specifics and safety
issues, failure of technical and technological
components in the design of the station,
violations during construction, supply of
substandard equipment, staffing problems and
more.
 Evacuation of the population

Due to the high level of radioactive contamination

of the areas adjacent to the station, it was
necessary to evacuate their population. Residents
of Pripyat, a satellite city of the Chornobyl nuclear
power plant, were the first to be evacuated. 49,360
people were taken out of it. The next stage was the
evacuation of the population within the 10-
kilometer zone, and in early May - within the 30-
kilometer zone around the station.By the end of the
summer of 1986, a total of 90,784 people had been
evacuated from 81 settlements (mostly rural). The
relocation of people from contaminated areas
required significant logistical and financial costs.
11,000 manor houses and 402 socio-cultural
facilities were built for the evacuees. Some
residents of the cities of Pripyat and Chornobyl
were relocated to the cities of Kyiv, Chernihiv and
other cities of Ukraine and other republics of the
USSR.
 Shelter (better known as
"Sarcophagus") is an isolation
structure above the fourth power
unit of the Chernobyl nuclear power
plant, built before November 1986
after the explosion of the 4th
reactor.The service life of the
sarcophagus was planned for approx.
20-40 years, so in the 2000s a new
shelter was designed. Construction
of the new Chernobyl sarcophagus
began in 2012 and was
commissioned in 2019.
Sources of information
• https://atom.org.ua
• https://vue.gov.ua
• https://www.chornobyl.com.ua
• https://sites.google.com