TON DUC THANG UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING

CHAPTER 1: DIGITAL
CONCEPTS
DIGITAL SYSTEM DESIGN 1
402061
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The picture content of this slide is from

Thomas L. Floyd, [2015],Digital Fundamentals,
11e. Prentice Hall.

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 OUTLINE
1. Digital & Analog quantities
2. Binary digits, logic levels and digital
waveforms
3. Basic logic operations
4. Overview of basic logic functions
5. Fixed-function integrated circuits
6. Digital system application

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 OBJECTIVES
 Explain the basic differences between digital
and analog quantities
 Show how voltage levels are used to
represent digital quantities
 Describe various parameters of pulse
waveform
 Explain the basic logic operations of NOT,
AND, and OR
 Describe the logic functions of the comparator,
adder, code converter, encoder, decoder,
multiplexer, demultiplexer, counter and register
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 ANALOG QUANTITIES
 Most natural quantities that we see are
analog and vary continuously.
 Analog systems can generally handle higher
power than digital systems.

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 DIGITAL AND ANALOG SYSTEM

Many systems use a mix of analog and digital

electronics to take advantage of each
technology.
CD drive

10110011101 Digital-to-analog Linear amplifier

Digital data converter Analog
reproduction
of music audio Speaker
signal
Sound
waves

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 BINARY DIGITS AND LOGIC LEVELS

 Digital electronics uses circuits that have two

states: HIGH and LOW corresponding to the
voltage level.

 In binary, a single number is called a bit (for

binary digit).

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 DIGITAL WAVEFORMS
 Digital waveforms change between the LOW
and HIGH levels.
 Digital waveforms are made up of a series of
pulses.
HIGH HIGH
Rising or Falling or Falling or Rising or
leading edge trailing edge leading edge trailing edge

LOW LOW
t0 t1 t0 t1

(a) Positive–going pulse (b) Negative–going pulse

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 PULSE DEFINITIONS
Actual pulses are not ideal but are described by
the rise time, fall time, amplitude, and other
characteristics.
Overshoot
Ringing
Droop
90%
Amplitude tW
50%
Pulse width

10%
Ringing

Base line Undershoot

tr tf
Rise time Fall time
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 PULSE DEFINITIONS
Periodic waveform:
 Frequency vs. period
 Amplitude
 Pulse width tW
tW
 Duty cycle =
T

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 TIMING DIAGRAMS
Use to show the relationship between two or
more digital waveforms.

Clock

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 SERIAL AND PARALLEL DATA

Data can be transmitted by either serial transfer

or parallel transfer.

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 BASIC LOGIC FUNCTIONS
 AND: true iff all input conditions are true

 OR: true iff one or more input condition are

true

 NOT: indicates opposite condition

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 BASIC SYSTEM FUNCTIONS
And, or, and not elements can be combined to
form various logic functions. A few examples
are:
 Comparison function

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 BASIC SYSTEM FUNCTIONS
 Basic arithmetic function

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 BASIC SYSTEM FUNCTIONS
 Encoding function

 Decoding function

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 BASIC SYSTEM FUNCTIONS
 Data selection function

Multiplexer Demultiplexer
A D
Data from Data from Data from Data from
A to D B to E C to F A to D
∆t1 ∆t1
∆t1 ∆t2 ∆t3 ∆t 1
B E
∆t2 ∆t 2

∆t3 ∆ t3
C F

Switching Switching
sequence sequence
control input control input

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 BASIC SYSTEM FUNCTIONS
 Counting function

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 BASIC SYSTEM FUNCTIONS

 Storage function: one example is the shift

register that moves and stores data each time
it is clocked
Serial bits
on input line
Initially, the register contains onlyinvalid
0101 0 0 0 0 data or all zeros as shown here.

First bit (1) is shifted serially into the

010 1 0 0 0 register.

Second bit (0) is shifted serially into

01 0 1 0 0 register and first bit is shifted right.

Third bit (1) is shifted into register and

0 1 0 1 0 the first and second bits are shifted right.

Fourth bit (0) is shifted into register and

0 1 0 1 the first, second, and third bits are shifted
right. The register now stores all four bits
and is full.
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 INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
ASSIGNMENT: Find out information about:
 IC Packages: DIP & SMT
 Complexity Classifications for fixed-function
ICs: SSI, MSI, LSI, VLSI, ULSI
 IC Technologies: CMOS & TTL

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 SUMMARY

In this chapter, we have learned:

 the basic differences between digital and
analog quantities
 how voltage levels are used to represent
digital quantities
 various parameters of pulse waveform

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 SUMMARY

In this chapter, we have learned:

 the basic logic operations of logic gates:
NOT, AND, and OR
 the working principle of logic functions of
comparator, adder, code converter, encoder,
decoder, multiplexer, demultiplexer, counter
and register

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 HW #1
 Self test of chap 1 – Digital Fundamentals –
Floyds
(Borrow from the Library)

 Prepare chap 2: Number systems

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