LESSON

INTEGRATION
OF RATIONAL
FUNCTIONS:
PARTIAL FRACTIONS

MATH 14 CALCULUS II
CARAGA STATE UNIVERSITY
 Topic Outline

We will use the method of PARTIAL

FRACTIONS to evaluate integrals in
which the integrand is a rational
.
.
expression where the degree of the
.
numerator is less than the degree of the
.

. denominator.
.
 .

.
 CASE 1

The denominator of the rational

expression can be factored into
linear factors, all are different.
.

.
 (2 𝑥 − 3)
1.∫ 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 +2 𝑥 −3
2 𝑥 −3 𝐴 𝐵
= +
2
𝑥 +2 𝑥 − 3 𝑥 +3 𝑥 − 1

→ 2 𝑥 − 3= 𝐴 ( 𝑥 − 1 )+ 𝐵( 𝑥+ 3)
.
1
.
𝑥=1 →2 ( 1 ) −3= 𝐴 (1 −1 ) + 𝐵(1+3)𝐵 =−
. 4
. 9
. 𝑥=−3 → 2 ( −3 ) − 3= 𝐴 ( −3 − 1 ) +𝐵(− 3+3) 𝐴=
. 4
 ( 2 𝑥 −3 ) 𝑑𝑥 𝐴 𝑑𝑥 𝐵 𝑑𝑥
∫ 𝑥2 +2 𝑥 − 3 =∫ 𝑥 +3 +∫ 𝑥 − 1
2 𝑥−3 9 /4 𝑑𝑥 − 1/4 𝑑𝑥
∫ 𝑥 2+2 𝑥 − 3 =∫ 𝑥 +3 +∫ 𝑥 − 1
9 𝑑𝑢 1 𝑑𝑣
¿ ∫ − ∫
4 𝑢 4 𝑣
|√ |
.
9
.
9 1
¿ ln |𝑥+3|− ln| 𝑥 −1|+¿𝐶𝑙𝑛 4 ( 𝑥+ 3 )
.

4 4 +𝐶
.
.
𝑥 −1
.
 2
(𝑥 +𝑥 +5)
2 .∫ 3 2
𝑑𝑥
𝑥 − 6 𝑥 +11 𝑥 − 6
2
( 𝑥 + 𝑥+ 5) 𝐴 𝐵 𝐶
= + +
𝑥 −6 𝑥 +11 𝑥 −6 𝑥 − 1 𝑥 − 3 𝑥 − 2
3 2

2
→ 𝑥 + 𝑥+ 5= 𝐴 ( 𝑥 −3 ) ( 𝑥 − 2 ) + 𝐵 ( 𝑥 −1 ) ( 𝑥 −2 ) + 𝐶 (𝑥 −1)(𝑥 −3)
2 7
𝑥=1 →1 +1+5= 𝐴 (1 − 3)( 1− 𝐴=
.
2)
.

.
2
2 17
.
𝑥=3 → 3 +3 +5= 𝐵 (3 − 1)( 3− 𝐵2) =
.

.
2
 𝑥=2 → 2 + 2+5=𝐶 (2 −1)(2 −3)𝐶 =−11
2

7 17
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
( 𝑥 + 𝑥 +5 ) 𝑑𝑥
2
2 2 − 11 𝑑𝑥
∫ 𝑥 3 − 6 𝑥 2 +11 𝑥 − 6 =∫ 𝑥 −1
+∫
𝑥 −3
+∫
𝑥 −2
7 𝑑𝑢 17 𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑤
¿ ∫ + ∫ −11 ∫
2 𝑢 2 𝑣 𝑤
7 17
. ¿ ln |𝑥 −1|+ ln| 𝑥 −3| −11 ln |𝑥 − 2|+ 𝐶
2 2

|√ |
.

7 17
( 𝑥 − 1) (𝑥 − 3)
.

.
¿ ln 22
+𝐶
( 𝑥 − 2)
.

.
 .