PRESENTATION ON

MANUFACTURING AND WORKING OF SPEAKER

Submitted by:-
• Aditi Ajankar • Laxmi Vasule
• Rani Lokhande • Harsh Dehankar
• Sejal Shahade • Piyush Rathod
• Kunti Bisane
• Under the guidance of: (2023-2024)
Prof R. V. JOSHI
 INDEX
• Organization of business.
• Type of product and type of speakers.
• Machines and Raw materials required for Manufacturing.
• Manufacturing process.
• Safety and precautions.
ORGANIZATION OF BUSINESS:-

• Parate Electronics is a Manufacturer of Audio Sound System, DJ

System and Cinema Sound System Offered By Parate Electronics
from Yavatmal, Maharashtra, 445001.The Address of this Industry is
Plot no. A-57, MIDC Lohara, Yavatmal.
• Parate Electronics Manufacture Loud Speakers for Public Address
(P.A.) System like Low Frequency Driver (Woofer), Mid Frequency
Driver (Speakers/Squawkers), High Frequency Driver
(Tweeters/Compression Driver) and Repairing Services for
loudspeaker.
 A FUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE IS A TEAM STRUCTURE THAT GROUPS EMPLOYEES INTO DIFFERENT DEPARTMENTS BASED ON AREAS OF EXPERTISE. THIS
TYPE OF STRUCTURE IS ONE OF THE MOST COMMON TYPES IN BUSINESS, ESPECIALLY IN LARGER COMPANIES, WHERE GROUPS OF EMPLOYEES ARE ORGANIZED ACCORDING
TO THE FUNCTION THEY PERFORM.

WITHIN A FUNCTIONAL STRUCTURE, EMPLOYEES ARE DIVIDED INTO DEPARTMENTS THAT EACH HANDLE ACTIVITIES RELATED TO A FUNCTIONAL AREA OF THE BUSINESS,
SUCH AS MARKETING, PRODUCTION, HUMAN RESOURCES, INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, AND CUSTOMER SERVICE. EACH OF THESE FIVE AREAS WOULD BE HEADED UP BY A
MANAGER WHO COORDINATES ALL ACTIVITIES RELATED TO HER FUNCTIONAL AREA. EVERYONE IN A COMPANY THAT WORKS ON MARKETING THE COMPANY’S PRODUCTS,
FOR EXAMPLE, WOULD REPORT TO THE MANAGER OF THE MARKETING DEPARTMENT. THE MARKETING MANAGERS AND THE MANAGERS IN CHARGE OF THE OTHER FOUR
AREAS IN TURN WOULD REPORT TO THE CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER (CEO).
TYPE OF PRODUCT AND TYPE OF SPEAKERS:-

 Low Frequency Driver (Woofer):-

Frequency Range:- 20 Hz up to 500Hz.

A low-frequency driver, commonly known as a woofer, is a type of speaker driver designed to reproduce
lower frequency sounds in an audio system. It is a vital component in various audio devices, including stereo
speakers, subwoofers, and home theater systems. The term "woofer" is derived from the sound it produces, which
includes the deep, low-pitched sounds commonly associated with bass and sub-bass frequencies.
 MID FREQUENCY DRIVER (SPEAKERS/SQUAWKERS):-
FREQUENCY RANGE:- 500 TO 5000 HZ.

A mid-frequency driver, often referred to as a midrange driver or squawker, is a type of speaker driver designed to
reproduce frequencies in the middle range of the audio spectrum. It is responsible for handling the frequencies that
fall between the low frequencies produced by woofers and the high frequencies produced by tweeters in a multi-
way speaker system. Midrange drivers are crucial for delivering clear and detailed vocal and instrumental sounds.
 HIGH FREQUENCY DRIVER (TWEETERS/COMPRESSION DRIVER):-
FREQUENCY RANGE:- 5000 HZ UP TO 20000 HZ.

A high-frequency driver, commonly known as a tweeter or compression driver, is a specialized speaker driver designed to
reproduce the upper range of the audio spectrum, including high-frequency sounds and treble notes. Tweeters are
responsible for adding clarity, detail, and sparkle to audio playback, making them a crucial component in achieving
accurate and balanced sound reproduction.
 MACHINES AND RAW MATERIALS REQUIRED FOR MANUFACTURING:-

• Electrical coil winding machine:-

An electrical voice coil winding machine is a specialized device used in speaker and coil manufacturing to precisely
wind wire around a bobbin to create voice coils. This automated machine ensures consistent and uniform winding of
the wire, which is crucial for maintaining speaker performance and efficiency. It employs programmable controls and
motors to control the winding speed, tension, and layering, resulting in high-quality and reliable voice coils. Electrical
voice coil winding machines are essential in mass production scenarios, where efficiency, accuracy, and repeatability
are paramount .These machines contribute to the production of high-performance speakers, microphones, and other
electro-acoustic devices by producing voice coils with precise specifications.
 VERNIER CALLIPER:-  MICROMETRE SCREW GAUGE:-

A vernier calliper is defined as a measuring device

For precise measurement of a spherical or a cylindrical
that is used for the measurement of linear
object, a screw gauge is the best instrument. An extremely
dimensions. It is also used for the measurement of
fine-tuned screw gauge can be a bit difficult for untrained
diameters of round objects with the help of the
hands to use. This article’s objective is to make anyone
measuring jaws. It is used for measuring the inner
and everyone aware of the basics of handling a screw
diameter of pole plate, outer diameter of pole piece of
gauge. It is to measure the thickness of winding wires of
back plate and thickness of the frame of loud speaker.
loud speaker voice coil.
RAW MATERIAL:-

• Winding Wires For Voice Coil.

 Permanent Magnet.
Chassis / Frame of Loud Speakers.
Diaphragm/Cone Paper.
Spider.
Dust Cap.
Speaker Lead Wire.
Bobbin/Insulation Paper.
 Speaker Terminal.
  PERMANENT MAGNET:-

The magnet helps to create a magnetic field that creates sound vibrations when hit by electric signals. The
signals cause fluctuations in the opposing magnetic forces between the magnet and the coil, making it move
back and forth. Different types of magnet is used for different types of loud speakers. Aluminium Nickel
Cobalt (AlNiCo) Magnets are used for high frequency drivers such as tweeters and compression drivers.
Neodymium Ferrite Boron (NdFeB) Magnets are used for Mid and High Frequency Drivers such as
Speakers/Squeakers, Mid-Bass Drivers. Ceramic Magnets are used in Low Frequency Driver such as Woofers
And Mid Bass Drivers. Samarium Cobalt (SmCo) Magnets are used in Full Range Drivers.
  CHASSIS / FRAME OF LOUD SPEAKERS:-
Aluminium is light, strong, has
relatively high internal damping and can
be transformed into almost any shape. It
is used to design aluminium frame of the
loud speaker.
 DIAPHRAGM/CONE PAPER
It can also be called a cone, though not all
speaker diaphragms are cone-shaped.
Quality midrange and bass drivers are usually made
from paper, paper composites and Kevlar paper,
plastic materials such as polypropylene, or
mineral/fibre filled polypropylene and wood.
Polypropylene papers are used in sub woofers (low
frequency), Metal cone papers are used in mid and
high frequency drivers.
 SPIDER:-  DUST CAP:-

A spider in a speaker is the component of The Spider fits around the speaker voice coil
the suspension system that attaches the
speaker cone to the frame. It is typically and is attached to the speaker basket. It is one of
made from a flexible material, such as rubber the components (along with the cone) that help to
or cloth, in order to allow the cone to move
freely. The Spider fits around the speaker
keep the voice coil centred in the magnetic gap
voice coil and is attached to the speaker and affects excursion (movement).
basket. It is one of the components (along
with the cone) that help to keep the voice coil
centred in the magnetic gap and affects
excursion (movement).

SPEAKER LEAD
WIRE:-
This wire is fabricated using copper by
wrapping together a number of copper foil
strands around a textile core. Highly flexible,
having resistant against metal fatigue, this
wire offers excellent service life. We can even
customize tinsel wire in terms of thickness and
length.
BOBBIN/
INSULATION
PAPER:-
A voice coil can be made out of a
lot of different materials, although it's
typically a copper wire that's wrapped
on some type of a form material like
aluminium, Kapton, or fiberglass.
SPEAKER
TERMINAL:-
A speaker terminal is a type
of electrical connector often
used for interconnecting the
voice coil wires. Easy push
speaker grip connector terminal.
The terminals are used to
connect the power amplifier.
 MANUFACTURING PROCESS:-
1) 2)
Permanent Magnet
• The permanent magnet is constructed by
mixing iron oxide with strontium and then
milling the compound into a very fine power.
The power is mixed with a ceramic binder and
then closed in a metal die. The die is then
placed in furnace and sintered to bond the
mixture together.
Aluminium body/frame Steel sheet body/frame
• The frame is constructed from an aluminium or steel sheet. The
sheet arrives at the plant preformed. It is then placed on a
conveyor belt and transported to a cutting machine that used a
hydraulic press to cut holes in the sheet to allow free air
movement from the cone. The sheet is then formed by a
hydraulic press that forces the sheet into a die of the desired
shape. Mounting holes are then drilled at their proper locations.
3) 4)

Spider of a Loudspeaker Cone Paper of Loud speaker Different Types of Voice Coils

The cone, surround, and spider are

The cone, surround, and spider are
individually formed out of composite
individually formed out of composite paper
paper and then glued together as an
and then glued together as an assembly.
assembly.
 5) 6)

Complete Loud Speaker after Manufacturing

Cross Section of Loud Speaker for observing the permanent
magnet with pole plates and frame

The cone assembly is then attached to the

frame assembly by first manually gluing the
The frame, soft iron core, and permanent magnet spider to the base of the frame and then
are bolted together as an assembly. gluing the surround to the top of the frame.
SAFETY AND PRECAUTIONS.

• Use always gloves.

• Use safety glasses.
• Use proper plate for mixing the solution.
• Take care of magnet.
• Cone should be handle with care.
• Don't touch the oven when it is ON.
• Parameter should be plotted properly in coil winding machine otherwise it will give
some error.
• Use proper safety while attaching the mounting plate to magnet.
• Coil should be wind on fibre glass paper.
Thank You