GEOMETRICAL

CONSTRUCTIONS
PREPARED BY: MR MAINZA.
 1.1 THE CIRCLE

 A very important property of a circle is that if two end of the diameter A and B are joined
to any point on the circumference C, the angle subtended at the circumference C is
always 90°.
 DIVIDING A CIRCLE INTO 12 PARTS

PROCEDURE:
Draw the horizontal and vertical center lines through the given circle.
Open the campus to the measurement half of the diameter.
With the four centers, subtended by the center line and the circumference, strike on both
side of the center.
Connect the correspondent points to complete the divisions.
DIVIDING A CIRCLE INTO 12 PARTS
 1.2 TO BISECT (DIVIDING INTO 2 EQUAL PARTS)
OF A LINE
PROCEDURE:
 Draw the given line.
 name its end A and B
 With the compass open to more than half of AB.
 strike arcs from A and B, above and below AB.
 A LINE JOINING the intersection of the arcs becomes the bisector of the line AB
1.2 TO BISECT (DIVIDING INTO 2 EQUAL PARTS)
OF A LINE
 1.3 DIVIDING A LINE OF LENGTH INTO A
NUMBER OF EQUAL PARTS (SAY 5 PARTS)
 Draw the given line AB as indicated.
 From point A (or B), draw a line AC/BC to any angle and length.
 Open your compass to a convenient radius, and describe 5 divisions on line AC and name
the points 1-5 (or a,b,c through to e).
 Join the point 5 to B.
 draw lines parallel to 5-B from 4, 3, 2 and 1, using both set squares.
 1.3 DIVIDING A LINE OF LENGTH INTO A
NUMBER OF EQUAL PARTS (SAY 5 PARTS)
 1.4 DIVISION OF A LINE OF LENGTH INTO A
RATIO E.G 3:4:7
 Draw a line AB to the stated length.
 Add the given ratio. (e.g. 3+4+7=14).
 As in article 1.3, draw a line AC to any angle and length.
 Draw parallels to 14-B from points 3 and 7.
1.4 DIVISION OF A LINE OF LENGTH INTO A
RATIO E.G 3:4:7
 1.5 TO BISECT A GIVEN ANGLE AOB

 Draw two lines OA and OB and any angle.

 With centre O, draw an arc, at any length, to cut OA at C and OB at D.
 With centres C and D, draw equal radii to intersect at E.
 1.6 TO DRAW AN ANGLE OF 180°

 The angle on a straight line is 180°.

 1.7 TO DRAW AN ANGLE OF 60° (OR 120°)

 Draw a horizontal construction line to a convenient length.

 With compass open to any radius OB and center O draw the arc.
 With the same radius and centers B, step off point A. AOB=60°
 1.8 TO DRAW AN ANGLE OF 30° ( OR 150°)

 The angle 30°is achieved by bisecting 60°

 1.9 TO DRAW AN ANGLE OF 90°

 Draw a horizontal construction line to a convenient length.

 With compass open to any radius OB and center O draw the semicircle AB.
 With centers B, open compass to A and arc above, and similarly, with centers A open to
B draw an arc above the horizontal line.
 Draw a line from O passing through the intersection of the two arc to form a 90°.
TO DRAW AN ANGLE OF 90°
 1.10 TO DRAW AN ANGLE OF 45° (OR 135)

 The angle 45°is achieved by bisecting 90°

EXAMPLE