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    Geomechanics Presentationn

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    Nouha Abdessamed
    Geomechanics is the study of how subsurface materials behave under stress. There are three main types of stresses: vertical stress from overburden, maximum horizontal stress, and minimum horizontal stress. The stresses are usually orthogonal but not always vertical and horizontal. Stress is calculated as force over surface area. Normal forces act perpendicular to a plane while shear stress acts parallel. Rock behavior is influenced by overburden stress, elastic properties, failure mechanisms like tension, compression and shear, and testing methods such as Brazilian tension tests and triaxial compression tests. Common fault types include normal faults indicating vertical stress is maximum, strike-slip faults where vertical stress is intermediate, and thrust faults where vertical stress is minimum. Listric faults change orientation with

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    Geomechanics Presentationn

    Uploaded by

    Nouha Abdessamed
    6 views22 pages
    Geomechanics is the study of how subsurface materials behave under stress. There are three main types of stresses: vertical stress from overburden, maximum horizontal stress, and minimum horizontal stress. The stresses are usually orthogonal but not always vertical and horizontal. Stress is calculated as force over surface area. Normal forces act perpendicular to a plane while shear stress acts parallel. Rock behavior is influenced by overburden stress, elastic properties, failure mechanisms like tension, compression and shear, and testing methods such as Brazilian tension tests and triaxial compression tests. Common fault types include normal faults indicating vertical stress is maximum, strike-slip faults where vertical stress is intermediate, and thrust faults where vertical stress is minimum. Listric faults change orientation with

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    Geomechanics is the study of how subsurface materials behave under stress. There are three main types of stresses: vertical stress from overburden, maximum horizontal stress, and minimum horizontal stress. The stresses are usually orthogonal but not always vertical and horizontal. Stress is calculated as force over surface area. Normal forces act perpendicular to a plane while shear stress acts parallel. Rock behavior is influenced by overburden stress, elastic properties, failure mechanisms like tension, compression and shear, and testing methods such as Brazilian tension tests and triaxial compression tests. Common fault types include normal faults indicating vertical stress is maximum, strike-slip faults where vertical stress is intermediate, and thrust faults where vertical stress is minimum. Listric faults change orientation with

    Copyright:

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    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    6 views22 pages

    Geomechanics Presentationn

    Uploaded by

    Nouha Abdessamed
    Geomechanics is the study of how subsurface materials behave under stress. There are three main types of stresses: vertical stress from overburden, maximum horizontal stress, and minimum horizontal stress. The stresses are usually orthogonal but not always vertical and horizontal. Stress is calculated as force over surface area. Normal forces act perpendicular to a plane while shear stress acts parallel. Rock behavior is influenced by overburden stress, elastic properties, failure mechanisms like tension, compression and shear, and testing methods such as Brazilian tension tests and triaxial compression tests. Common fault types include normal faults indicating vertical stress is maximum, strike-slip faults where vertical stress is intermediate, and thrust faults where vertical stress is minimum. Listric faults change orientation with

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    of 22

    Geomechanics!

    Nouha Abdessamed
    Haithem Abdelmoumene Segmane
    University Intern RPS General Field Engineer
    GeoMechanics is the study of subsurface materials’ behavior and
    response to external forces
    Principle gravity driven stresses

    Vertical Stress (Overburden Stress) =>


    Perpendicular
    Maximal Horizontal Stress
    Minimal Horizontal Stress
    Always orthogonal, not always vertical/horizontal.

    The biggest stress isn’t always vertical.


    Theory of stress
    Stress=F/S (psi)

    Normal forces act perpendicular to the plane.

    Shear stress acts parallel to the plane.


    Overburden and effective stress
    Theory of deformation
    Strain
    Elastic Properties
    Rock behavior
    Failure mechanisms
    Tension force
    Compression force
    Shear force
    Effect on rock
    Rock mechanics testing

    Brazilian Tension Test Index strength test Triaxial compression test


    Borehole failure orientation
    Faults Formation and Types
    Normal faults

    High angle faults at surface (60°-70° dip) This


    indicates that σv = σ1 when the fault was formed.
    σHMAX = σ2 and σhmin = σ3 Hydraulic fractures
    are vertical, ⊥ to σhmin
    high angle surface faults may flatten at greater
    depths.
    Strike slip or wrench faults
    Very high angle faults (>80° usually)
    Indicates σv = σ2 (σHMAX = σ1, σhmin = σ3) when the fault
    formed Transform type of plate margins
    Common at depth in eroded basins
    Usually, normal faults are found nearby at the surface, away
    from the main fault trace
    Hydraulic fractures vertical, ⊥ to σhmin
    Thrust faults
    Less than 45° angle on fault plane
    If less than 20-25°, it is almost always called a thrust
    fault rather than a reverse fault.
    Low angle faults (dip of 0° to 30° usually) Indicates
    σv = σ3 (σHMAX = σ1) when the fault formed
    Characteristic of compression regions, associated
    with thrust mountain ranges
    Hydraulic fractures will be horizontal
    Listric faults
    Characteristic of passive continental margin basins that are “open-to-the-sea”.
    Look like normal faults at the surface.
    At depth, the faults flatten to become thrust faults.
    Stress regimes change with depth!
    Often associated with overpressured zones.
    These faults are like “massive landslide.
    Stress arching is the formation of an invisible arch-like structure within soil or
    rock, which redistributes weight sideways and helps prevent collapse.
    Compaction and subsidence
    Full reservoir arching
    Thank you!

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