Introduction to Science

INTRODUCTION TO SCIENCE

Science: Acquisition and organization of knowledge.

Technology: Application of knowledge for humanity.

INTRODUCTION TO SCIENCE

Natural Formal Social

Physics Mathematics Political
Chemistry Computer History
Biology Economics
Geology Psychology
Astronomy
INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICS

Study of matter:
Fundamental constituents
Motion though space and time
The classical topics of study are:
Mechanics
Thermodynamics
Electromagnetism
MATTER

Etymologically the word matter comes

from the Latin materia, which means
substance from which things are made. It is
also related to the word mater which
means mother (origin, source).
In classical physics, matter is any
substance with mass that occupies a
volume.
MATTER

We define matter as any entity that is

part of the universe, has associated
energy, and is capable of interacting.
MATTER PROPERTIES

Intrinsic Extrinsic
STATES OF
MATTER
For any substance, by modifying
its pressure and/or temperature
different states of aggregation
can be obtained in relation to the
biding forces of the particles that
constitute it.
Each states of aggregation has
different properties and
characteristics.
STATES OF MATTER

We can classify the states of matter

based on qualitative differences in
properties:
Solid: Fixed volume and shape.
Fluid: Variable volume and/or shape.
FLUIDS

The main characteristics of a fluid is their capability to resist

shear forces.
VOLUME

Volume is a measure of regions in

three – dimensional space.
The volume is generally understood
as the amount of fluid contained in a
space.
The unit in the SI is the cubic meter.
m3
VOLUME

Common units of volume

are:
Liter L = 0.001m3
Gallon gal = 0.0038 m3
Cubic foot ft3 = 0.0283 m3
Barrel bbl = 0.159 m3
VOLUME OF SIMPLE SHAPES

Cubic Sphere
VOLUME OF SIMPLE SHAPES

Pyramid Cone
DENSITY

Measures the quantity of mass in

certain volume.

In general, the density fluctuates

with the pressure and/or
temperature. However, is useful
to assume that the density is
constant.
CHARACTERISTICS OF FLUIDS

Some characteristics of fluids

are:
Surface tension
Adherence
Capillarity
Viscosity
SURFACE TENSION

Is the tendency of liquid surfaces at rest

to shrink into the minimum surface area
possible, allowing objects with higher
density to float.
ADHERENCE

Is the tendency of smaller parts of fluids

to combine creating bigger volumes, due
to electromagnetic charges differences.
CAPILLARITY

Is the process if a liquid flowing a

narrow space without the assistance or
opposition of any external force.
VISCOSITY

Is the resistance to deformation at a

given rate, which quantifies the internal
friction force between adjacent layers of
a fluid that are in relative motion.
 CLASS ACTIVITY

If a cube with 1.5 ft length in

each side has a mass of 8 Kg.
Calculate:
a) the volume in cubic
meters
b) the density of the
material
CLASS ACTIVITY

Two barrels of oil, with density of 900 Kg/m3,

are placed on a weight scale. What would be
the measurement?
CLASS ACTIVITY

Calculate the height of a stone pyramid with

base of 225 m2 and volume of 5000 m3. If the
density of the stone is 2750 Kg/m3, calculate
the weight of the pyramid.
CLASS ACTIVITY

A cone with density of 1300 Kg/m3 and mass

of 25 grams, has a height of 6 cm. Calculate:
a) the volume of the cone, and b) the radius.
EXTRA CLASS
ACTIVITY
Different metal sphere of 3 cm radius are made
of gold, silver, and copper. Calculate the
volume and mass of each sphere. (Search in
internet for the density of required the metals).