LIVING THINGS

AND THEIR
ENVIRONMENT
 Directions:
WRITE TRUE IF THE STATEMENT IS
CORRECT, OTHERWISE WRITE
FALSE
1. DNA replication is the process by which DNA makes
copies of itself.
2. Nitrogenous bases of DNA and RNA are the same
3. The enzyme responsible for unwinding the DNA
double helix during replication is called helicase.
4. DNA and RNA is storing genetic information
5. Adenine may sometime pair with Cytosine
 Directions:
UNSCRAMBLE THE LETTERS TO
REVEAL THE WORD. USE THE
DEFINITION AS A CLUE.
 1. DOCON
A sequence of three consecutive
nucleotides in a DNA or RNA
molecule that codes for a
specific amino acid
 2. POERLYMASE
is an enzyme that is responsible
for copying a DNA sequence into
an RNA sequence, duyring the
process of transcription.
 3. MINAO IDACS
are molecules that combine to
form proteins. Building block of
protein
 4. RSEIBO
is a simple sugar and
carbohydrate with molecular
formula C5H10O5
5. ONURIBCLEIC IDAC
is a polymeric molecule essential
in various biological roles in
coding, decoding, regulation and
expression of genes.
Directions:
STUDY AND DESCRIBE THE
PICTURE
DNA is located in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells and in the
cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells.
• What is shown in the picture?
STEPS IN PROTEIN
SYNTHEIS
Transcription:
• Initiation: RNA
polymerase binds to
a specific sequence
on the DNA called
the promoter region.
 STEPS IN PROTEIN SYNTHEIS
Transcription:
2. Elongation: RNA polymerase
moves along the DNA strand,
synthesizing a complementary
RNA strand in the 5' to 3'
direction. RNA polymerase
reads the DNA template strand
in the 3' to 5' direction and
synthesizes the RNA strand in
the 5' to 3' direction.
 STEPS IN PROTEIN SYNTHEIS
Transcription:
3. Termination: RNA
polymerase reaches the
terminator region on the
DNA, which signals the
end of transcription.
 STEPS IN PROTEIN SYNTHEIS
Translation:
• Initiation: The mRNA
strand binds to a ribosome,
which consists of two
subunits. The small subunit
of the ribosome binds to
the mRNA, and the
initiator tRNA binds to the
start codon (AUG) on the
mRNA.
 STEPS IN PROTEIN SYNTHEIS
Translation:
2. Elongation: A second tRNA
carrying the appropriate amino
acid binds to the next codon on
the mRNA, and the amino acid is
transferred to the first amino acid
by a peptide bond. The ribosome
then moves along the mRNA to
the next codon, and the process
repeats. This results in the
formation of a growing
polypeptide chain
 STEPS IN PROTEIN SYNTHEIS
Translation:
3. Termination: When the
ribosome reaches a stop
codon (UAA, UAG, or
UGA) on the mRNA,
translation stops, and the
polypeptide chain is
released from the ribosome.
• RNA (ribonucleic acid) is a molecule that plays a key role in protein
synthesis.
• It consists of a chain of nucleotides containing ribose sugar, a phosphate
group, and nitrogenous bases (A, U, G, C).
 Directions:
WATCH A VIDEO PRESENTATION
AND ANSWER THE FOLLOWING
QUESTION
Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bKIpDtJdK8Q
 Directions:
MAKE YOUR OWN DIAGRAM TO
DEMONSTRATE HOW DNA IS
TRANSCRIBED INTO RNA, AND
RNA IS TRANSLATED INTO
PROTEINS
 Directions:
Directions: Arrange the following steps in
transcription of DNA by writing letters A – D
before the
number.
__________1. When the process of base – pairing is completed, The
RNA molecules break
away as the DNA strands rejoin.
__________2. As the DNA molecules opens, the RNA polymerase
slides along the DNA strand
and links free RNA nucleotides that pair with nitrogenous bases of
the complementary DNA strand.
__________3. RNA polymerase enzyme binds and opens the DNA
molecule that will be transcribed.
__________4. THE RNA LEAVES THE NUCLEUS AND GOES
TO CYTOPLASM.
 APPLICATIONS
WHY PROTEIN SYNTHESIS IS IMPORTANCE?

protein synthesis is important because it enables the

body to produce the proteins necessary for life and
essential physiological processes. Without protein
synthesis, the body would not be able to function
properly and would eventually cease to exist.
 Directions:
WRITE TRUE IF THE
STATEMENT IS CORRECT,
OTHERWISE WRITE
FALSE
1. DNA replication is the
process by which DNA
makes copies of itself.
2. Nitrogenous bases of DNA
and RNA are the same.
3. The enzyme responsible for
unwinding the DNA double helix
during replication is called helicase.
4. DNA and RNA is storing
genetic information
5. Adenine may
sometime pair with
Cytosine