Rate of

Photosynthesis
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And here your subtitle.

 hello! We are…
Group 1

● Bryan Nagel
● Tresor Donkor
● Mikayla Kakrabah-Quarshie
● Mawuena Atieku
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● Bradley Osei-Bonsu
 Group members

● Mikayla K-Q ● Bradley Osei-

● Bryan Nigel
Bonsu
● Mawuenam ● Tresor Donkor
Atieku
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 OBJECTIVES

01 To be able to describe how to investigate the effect of

various factors on the rate of photosynthesis.

02 To be able to describe the results

03 To get an in-depth understanding of everything we have

discussed in class.
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 Let’s
Watch a video!
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This is where you section ends. Duplicate this set of slides as many times you need to go over all your sections.
 LET’S WATCH!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J0KxRX3fyoI
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 did you
know?
Environmental conditions influence the rate
of photosynthesis.

Can you name them?

NB: Water is not a limiting factor in

photosynthesis because it is only needed in
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small amounts. It is,however, a limiting

factor in the growth of plants.
 Factors that influence the rate of
photosynthesis.
Several factors can affect the rate of photosynthesis:

They are:

●
●
light intensity
carbon dioxide concentration
01
● Temperature
● Chlorophyll
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Sunlight (light
Temperature Carbon dioxide
intensity)
concentration
 Chlorophyll
What is the use of chlorophyll in plants? A view of chlorophyll

The job of chlorophyll in a plant is to absorb

light - usually sunlight. The energy absorbed
front the light is transferred to two kinds of
energy-storing molecules. Through
photosynthesis, the plant uses the stored energy
to convert carbon dioxide(from air) and water
into glucose.
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 The amount of chlorophyll also affects the
rate of photosynthesis:

● plants in lighting conditions

unfavourable for photosynthesis
synthesise more chlorophyll, to absorb
the light required
● the effects of some plant diseases
affect the amount of chlorophyll, and
therefore the ability of a plant to
photosynthesise, such as downy
mildew in grape vines
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 Investigate the effect of chlorophyll on
photosynthesis

1. The leaf of a variegated Pelargonium is dropped in

boiling water to kill and preserve it.
2. The leaf is left for 10 minutes in hot ethanol in a boiling
tube to remove chlorophyll.
3. The leaf is dipped in boiling water to soften it.
4. The leaf is spread out in a Petri dish and covered with
iodine solution.
5. The areas that had the chlorophyll stain blue-black.
6. The areas that had no chlorophyll remain pale.
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 TEMPERATURE
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This is where you section ends. Duplicate this set of slides as many times you need to go over all your sections.
 Temperature
The chemical reactions involved
in photosynthesis are controlled
by enzymes. As with any other
enzyme-controlled reaction, the
rate of photosynthesis is
affected by temperature.
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 Temperature
At low temperatures, the rate of
photosynthesis is limited by the
number of collisions between
enzymes and substrate. As
temperature increases the number of
collisions increases, therefore the rate
of photosynthesis increases.
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 Temperature
However, at high temperatures,
enzymes are denatured and this
will decrease the rate of
photosynthesis.
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 Temperature
However, at high temperatures,
enzymes are denatured and this
will decrease the rate of
photosynthesis.
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 TEMPERATURE

A temperature range of 25° to 35° C is required for

photosynthesis to be carried out efficiently.
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 TEMPERATURE

A temperature range of 25° to 35° C is required for

photosynthesis to be carried out efficiently.
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 Temperature

Therefore, a greater proportion of

molecules will have the minimum energy
necessary for an effective collision
During photosynthesis, a
temperature of more than 40 °C
slows down the process. Because it
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is an enzyme-controlled process,
this is the case.
 LIGHT INTENSITY
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 Light Intensity
Without enough light, a plant cannot photosynthesise
very quickly - even if there is plenty of water and
carbon dioxide and a suitable temperature.
Increasing the light intensity increases the rate of
photosynthesis, until some other factor - a limiting
factor - becomes in short supply
Plants perform photosynthesis using light energy
trapped from sunlight. They convert the light
energy into chemical energy and produce the
carbohydrate food.
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 In photosynthesis, the energy from the sun is used to turn carbon dioxide
(CO2) and water into sugar. Oxygen is a waste product. More light can mean
more photosynthesis. It doesn’t necessarily mean more though. When we
think of photosynthesis as a process, we can see that there are at least three
things that can limit the process: light, water, and carbon dioxide. More light
won’t help if we don’t have enough water and carbon dioxide.
A
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 LIGHT INTENSITY
As you rise from low light intensity to higher light intensity, the rate of
photosynthesis will increase because there is more light available to drive the
reactions of photosynthesis.
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 How to test for the effect of light on
Photosynthesis

https://youtu.be/Jp4Sls6C07o
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 HOW TO TEST FOR EFFECT
OF TEMP. ON
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Steps
a)Pieces of pondweed are placed into test tubes, which
are put inside beakers of water at different
temperatures.

b)The minimum is 5 different temperatures across a

range of 10 to about 40 degrees Celcius.

c)The lamp is kept at a distance all the time so that the

light intensity is constant. Sodium hydrogencarbonate is
added to the water in the tubes to make sure carbon
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dioxide concentration is constant.The number of

oxygen bubbles produced at different temperatures can
be counted in the same way.
 CARBON
DIOXIDE
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 Carbon dioxide as a factor of photosynthesis
1 2 3

Included among the rate- The rate of these This is because of the
limiting steps of the dark reactions can be extensive combustion
stage of photosynthesis increased somewhat by of fossil fuels, cement
are the chemical increasing the carbon production and other
reactions by which dioxide concentration. industrial projects. The
organic compounds are Since the middle of the atmospheric level of
formed by using carbon 19th century, the level carbon dioxide climbed
dioxide as a carbon of carbon dioxide in from about 0.028% in
source.
the atmosphere has 1860 to 0.032% in
been rapidly rising. 1958, then to 0.041%
by 2020.
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 One example of how factors might interact:
The graph shows how carbon dioxide
concentration and temperature interact with the
effect of light intensity on photosynthesis:
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With the law of limiting factors,
each factor does not work in
isolation. Several factors may
interact, and it may be any one
of them that is limiting
photosynthesis.
● the rate of photosynthesis
increases until factors becoming
limiting
● if carbon dioxide concentration is
increased, the rate increases
further, and then another factor
becomes limiting
● the rate can be increased further
if the temperature is increased
● the rate increases again until
another factor becomes limiting
 Carbon dioxide as a factor of photosynthesis

This graph shows the

effect of temperature as a
limiting factor at two
different carbon dioxide
concentrations of carbon
dioxide:
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 Test for carbon dioxide
1.
Destarch a plant by placing it in
the dark for at least 48 hours.
During this time any starch will be
removed or used.
2. 3.
Expose one leaf to sodium Expose another leaf to water
hydroxide, which will absorb (control experiment), which will
carbon dioxide from the not absorb carbon dioxide from
surrounding air. the surrounding air.

4.
Test both leaves for starch
using the 4-step starch test.
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Results
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
Only the leaf that has been exposed to carbon v=lji6Zx3_E30
dioxide will photosynthesise and therefore test
positive for starch, showing that carbon dioxide is
necessary for photosynthesis.

USING OXYGEN BUBBLES :If the rate of photosynthesis increases (e.g. by increasing
the light intensity) the number of oxygen bubbles or volume of oxygen produced will
also increase.
 thank you!
Do you have any questions?
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 Questions
● How does increase or decrease in
temperature affect photosynthesis?
● What are the factors that affect
photosynthesis.

● https://www.sanfoundry.com/bota
ny-online-quiz/
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