UNDERSTANDING

CULTURE,
SOCIETY
AND POLITICS
UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS Citius, Altius, Fortius
 Be grateful
Be smart
Be clean
Be true
Be humble
Be prayerful
- Gordon B. Hinckley

UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS Citius, Altius, Fortius

 Nature, Goals and
Perspectives in/of
Anthropology,
Sociology and Political
Science
UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS Citius, Altius, Fortius
Objectives
At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
1. define anthropology, sociology and political science;
2. identify the nature, goals and perspectives of
Anthropology, Sociology and Political Science;
3. explain the different perspectives of anthropology,
sociology and political science.

UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS Citius, Altius, Fortius

 Scientific study of man or human
beings.
GYOLOPORTHAN
ANTHROPOLOGY
UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS Citius, Altius, Fortius
 Study of human social
relationships and institutions
GYOLOICOS
SOCIOLOGY
UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS Citius, Altius, Fortius
 A social science that deals with
humans and their interactions.
CALITILOP ECNEICS
POLITICAL SCIENCE
UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS Citius, Altius, Fortius
 Consists of beliefs, behaviors, objects, and
other characteristics common to the members
of a particular group or society.
ERUTLUC
CULTURE
UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS Citius, Altius, Fortius
 A State or habit of mind in which trust or
confidence is placed in some person or thing.

SFEILEB
BELIEFS
UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS Citius, Altius, Fortius
 SFEILEB

UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS Citius, Altius, Fortius

ANTHROPOLOGY, SOCIOLOGY AND
POLITICAL SCIENCE

UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS Citius, Altius, Fortius

ANTHROPOLOGY, SOCIOLOGY AND
POLITICAL SCIENCE

UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS Citius, Altius, Fortius

ANTHROPOLOGY, SOCIOLOGY AND
POLITICAL SCIENCE

UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS Citius, Altius, Fortius

ANTHROPOLOGY, SOCIOLOGY AND
POLITICAL SCIENCE

UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS Citius, Altius, Fortius

ANTHROPOLOGY, SOCIOLOGY AND
POLITICAL SCIENCE

UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS Citius, Altius, Fortius

ANTHROPOLOGY, SOCIOLOGY AND
POLITICAL SCIENCE

UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS Citius, Altius, Fortius

ANTHROPOLOGY, SOCIOLOGY AND
POLITICAL SCIENCE

UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS Citius, Altius, Fortius

NATURE, GOALS AND PERSPECTIVE OF ANTHROPOLOGY

UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS Citius, Altius, Fortius

NATURE, GOALS AND PERSPECTIVE OF ANTHROPOLOGY

UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS Citius, Altius, Fortius

NATURE, GOALS AND PERSPECTIVE OF ANTHROPOLOGY

UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS Citius, Altius, Fortius

NATURE, GOALS AND PERSPECTIVE OF ANTHROPOLOGY

UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS Citius, Altius, Fortius

NATURE, GOALS AND PERSPECTIVE OF ANTHROPOLOGY

UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS Citius, Altius, Fortius

NATURE, GOALS AND PERSPECTIVE OF ANTHROPOLOGY

UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS Citius, Altius, Fortius

NATURE, GOALS AND PERSPECTIVE OF ANTHROPOLOGY

UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS Citius, Altius, Fortius

 UNDERSTANDING CULTURE,
SOCIETY AND POLITICS
Week 1

Introduction to UCSP Goals of ASPS

Perspectives of ASPS Assessment

UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS Citius, Altius, Fortius

 The Different Perspective
of Anthropology,
Sociology and Political
Science
UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS Citius, Altius, Fortius
 Is culture and
society the same?

UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS Citius, Altius, Fortius

 Culture and society are not the
same. While cultures are
connections of behavior patterns
and perceptions, societies are
formed through interacting
organisms within a group.
UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS Citius, Altius, Fortius
UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS Citius, Altius, Fortius
 Helen SPENCER – OATEY (2012, p.12)

• Procedures and behavioural conventions that are

shared by a group of people, and that influence. (but
do not determine) each member's behaviour and
his/her interpretations of the 'meaning’ of other
people's behaviour.'

1. CULTURAL PERSPECTIVE Citius, Altius, Fortius

 MATTHEW ARNOLD (CULTURE AND ANARCHY, 1867)
• culture or high culture is opposed to
popular culture (or folkways in an
earlier usage) is a product of a special
intellectual or artistic endeavor humans
had invented.

1. CULTURAL PERSPECTIVE Citius, Altius, Fortius

 Kroeber & Kluckhohn (1952)
• Culture is composed of behavior
(explicit and implicit) acquired and
transmitted through symbols. It is a
human group that includes their
distinctive achievements and
embodiment in artifacts, traditional and
historical ideas, and formation of values.
1. CULTURAL PERSPECTIVE Citius, Altius, Fortius
Schwartz (1992)
• Culture consists of experiences that are
organized, learned or created by the
individuals of a population, including
those images adding up their unique
interpretations transmitted from the past
generations up to the future.

1. CULTURAL PERSPECTIVE Citius, Altius, Fortius

Four Main Perspectives

1. Cross-cultural or comparative emphasis

2. Evolutionary/historical emphasis
3. Ecological emphasis
4. Holistic emphasis

2. ANTHROPOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES Citius, Altius, Fortius

Sociological Perspectives

1. The Functionalist Perspective

2. The Conflict Perspective
3. The Symbolic Interaction Perspective

3. SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES Citius, Altius, Fortius

Auguste Comte (father of Sociology)

• Coined the term sociology and said that

society is a social organism possessing
a harmony of structure and function.

4. THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVE Citius, Altius, Fortius

Herbert Spencer (1820-1903)
• Described the emerging societies as
societies of survival and primarily
based on the concept of natural law.
Members of each society must learn
to adapt to their surroundings to
outlast the prevailing conditions
present in their environment
4. THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVE Citius, Altius, Fortius
Karl Marx (1818-1883)
• He postulated that societies develop
through class conflicts.
• There is always s struggle between the
workers and the capitalist due to the
exploitation of the latter to the former
which is essential in provoking social
change.
• The only way to end this conflict is through
social revolution.
4. THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVE Citius, Altius, Fortius
Emile Durkheim (1858-1917)
• Society is composed of harmonious
elements such as individuals,
organizations, and social institutions.
• These elements must perform their role in
the society for function effectively.
• Dysfunction may occur if these elements
are not in the state of equilibrium

4. THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVE Citius, Altius, Fortius

George Herbert Mead (1863-1931)

• Symbolic Interactionism
• Society can be seen in a micro-level
that focuses on the relationships of
individuals within a society primarily
centers in their communication both
language and symbols.

4. THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVE Citius, Altius, Fortius

Erving Goffman (1958)

• He used dramaturgical analysis.

• In this approach, he used theater as an
analogy for social interaction and
recognized that people like actors and
actresses, play their role and function
according to it.

4. THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVE Citius, Altius, Fortius

Charles Horton-Cooley
• Society and individuals are not separated but
are simply collective and distributive aspects
of the same thing.
• He theorized the concept of the looking glass
self. According to this, self-relation, or how
one views oneself is not an isolated event but
rather includes others.
• It emphasized how we changed our identity
or personality based on how others see us.
4. THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVE Citius, Altius, Fortius
Political Science Perspective
• Political science is more focused than most social
sciences.
• It sticks to the political arena and to the realm of
politics, either dealing with situations with two
competing sides or the lateral decisions that affect the
group as a whole.
• An example is the study of democracy as a form of
government and why is democracy considered as the
best form of government.
5. POLITICAL SCIENCE PERSPECTIVE Citius, Altius, Fortius
 ANTRHOPOLOGY SOCIOLOGY POLITICAL SCIENCE

Internalize the concept of Understand civic skills and

individual differences and Obtain theories and
humane ideals for public
diversity principles about society
participation

Discover universality Examine social roles within Examine the operations of

among humans the society the government

Equip each of us intellectual

See cultural See the interdependency of resources that will harness
patterns objectively all beings you to greater heights

Produce new knowledge and new Broaden familiarity on

theories about humankind and sociological facts
human behavior

GOALS OF ANTHROPOLOGY, SOCIOLOGY AND POLITICAL SCIENCE Citius, Altius, Fortius