KALIBUGAN

Kalibuga” (Kolibugan) means “mixed breed” and

“

refers to the Subanun of the Philippines who have

intermarried with the Tausug and Samal. Kalibugan,
who number about 15,000, live in villages on the
coast in western Mindanao. Most have converted
to Islam. Their culture shares elements with those
of Subanun, Tausug, and Samal. The primary
religion practiced by the Kalibugan Subanon is
Sunni Islam, the largest branch of Islam. Sunni
Muslims follow the teachings of the Qur'an and
consider the first four caliphs to be the rightful
successors of Muhammad.
In marriage rituals of Kalibugan, there must first be a consultation
with the Bagulaland the Elders to discuss the price of dowry
(unsuran) and the expenses related to the wedding (kawing)
before the Imam solemnizes the wedding.

The generalized culture is lowland central Philippines focused on

wet rice cultivation, and some localized swidden cultivation.
Adaptation to the arine environment is made, but mostly in terms
of domestic fishing.
 CULTURE and LIVELIHOOD

Art: weaving, basketry, metalwork

Music: kulintang ensemble, (gandingan, dabakan etc.)

• Farming and Fishing are the main economic activities of the region
• It also has rice and corn mills, oil processing, coffee berry processing
and processing of latex from rubber.
• Its home industry include rattan and furniture craft, basketmaking,
weaving and brass work.
KALIBUGAN

*from the Subanon community who submitted

themselves to the practice of intermarriages and
change of faith (Islam)

• Sama-Tausug slang which literally means"half

breed“

• remain Subanon in speech and in their cultures

• lack a distinctive political organization* live their

lives as subsistence farmers cultivating upland rice,
roots, and tree crops