Lecture1

Object- Oriented Analysis And Design (OOAD)

 Overview of Object-Oriented Analysis
• Object-oriented (O-O) analysis describes an information
system by identifying things called objects. An object
represents a real person, a place, an event, or a transaction.
For example, when a patient makes an appointment to see a
doctor, the patient is an object, the doctor is an object, and the
appointment itself is an object.

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Overview of Object-Oriented Analysis
• Object-Oriented Terms and Concepts
– Object: is a person, place, or thing about which we
want to capture information.
– Attributes: Characteristics that describe the object.
– Methods: tasks or functions that the object
performs when it receives a message.
– Messages: are information sent to objects to trigger
methods.
– Class: is a group of similar objects.
– Instance: is a specific member of a class.

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Overview of Object-Oriented Analysis

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Overview of Object-Oriented Analysis

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Overview of Object-Oriented Analysis
• Attributes
– If objects are similar to nouns, attributes are similar
to adjectives that describe the characteristics of an
object.
– Some objects might have a few attributes; others
might have dozens.
• State: for example bank account can be active,
inactive, closed, or frozen.

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Overview of Object-Oriented Analysis
• Methods
– A method defines specific tasks that an object can
perform.
– Just as objects are similar to nouns and attributes
are similar to adjectives, methods resemble verbs
that describe what and how an object does
something.

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• Messages
• Polymorphism: The same message to two different
objects can produce different results.

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– A major advantage of O-O designs is that systems
analysts can save time and avoid errors by using
modular objects, and programmers can translate
the designs into code, working with reusable
program modules that have been tested and
verified.

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Overview of Object-Oriented Analysis

• Classes
– An object belongs to a group or category called a
class.
– All objects within a class share common attributes
and methods.

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Overview of Object-Oriented Analysis
• Classes

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Relationships Among Objects and Classes

• Inheritance
• Child
• Parent

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Object Modeling with the Unified Modeling
Language
• The UML uses a set of symbols to represent
graphically the various components and relationships
within a system.
• It mainly is used to support object-oriented systems
analysis and to develop object models.

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Object Modeling with the (UML)

USE-CASE DIAGRAMS:
• a use-case diagram is drawn when gathering
and defining requirements for the system.
• A use-case diagram illustrates in a very simple
way the main functions of the system and the
different kinds of users that will interact with
it.
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Elements of Use-Case Diagrams

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Use-Case Diagram for the Appointment System

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Extend and Include Relationships

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Sample Use-Case Description

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