THE REACTIONS OF RESPIRATION

• The first series of reactions in respiration is called

glycolysis.
• Glucose is converted to pyruvic acid (pyruvate).
• 2 molecules of ATP are formed from ADP.
• No oxygen is required.
• Occurs in the cytoplasm.

Cytoplasm

Pyruvic acid can be

used for aerobic or
anaerobic
respiration
 ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION
• Respiration without oxygen. 1 Glucose molecule
• Occurs in the cytoplasm. 2 ADP + 2 P Glycolysis
• Production of lactic acid from in
the pyruvic acid formed by 2 ATP cytoplasm
glycolysis. 2 Pyruvic acid molecules
• Net yield of 2 ATP molecules
per glucose molecule. Anaerobic
• Important during vigorous respiration in
cytoplasm
physical activity when demand
for oxygen exceeds supply. 2 Lactic acid molecules
• Lactic acid causes muscle pain
Oxygen
& fatigue. debt
• Incurs an oxygen debt -
followed by rapid breathing – recovery
while the lactic acid is oxygen
converted to glucose. needed
• Recovery oxygen is the extra 2 Glucose - rapid
oxygen required molecules breathing
 AEROBIC RESPIRATION
• Requires oxygen. 1 glucose molecule
• Complete breakdown of 2 ADP + 2 P Glycolysis
pyruvic acid to carbon in
dioxide and water. cytoplasm
• Includes citric acid 2 ATP
(Krebs) cycle and electron 2 Pyruvic acid
transport system. molecules
• Occurs in cell Krebs cycle
mitochondria. and electron
• Mitochondria folded to 36 ADP + 36 P transport
increase surface area for system in
reactions. mitochondria
• Net yield of up to 38 ATP 36 ATP
molecules per glucose
molecule.
6 CO2 + 6 H2O
• Releases 95% of energy
needed to keep cell alive.
 ENERGY USE BY THE CELL
• Cells use ATP for
many purposes
including
– Anabolism, especially
protein synthesis
(e.g. enzymes)
– Cell division &
growth
– Movement within cell
– Movement of cell
– Active transport
– Transmission of
nerve impulses