Lesson 01

Database Systems

Syed M Irteza 1
Introduction To Course

 Pre-Requisite:
None
 Textbook:
An Introduction To Database
Systems.
by C.J. Date.
8th Edition.

Syed M Irteza 2
Overview of DBMS

 What is it?
A computer system which provides mechanisms
to store, retrieve and manipulate information in a
manner which is both efficient and safe .
 or
A computerized system whose overall purpose is
to maintain information and to make that
information available on demand.
Syed M Irteza 3
Overview of DBMS

 Why is it necessary?
To provide a level of abstraction, control and functionality
between the data and the user(s) that is not possible using a
collection of conventional electronic files.

Syed M Irteza 4
DBMS
Front End
Back End

Application Program

User1
DB

Application Program

User2
Syed M Irteza 5
DBMS cont.

 Front End (Client’s Part)

 Provides user interfaces, e.g Developer 2000 for
oracle, or other user applications.
 Visual Basic, MS Access.
 Back End (Server Part)
 Provides the database, etc.
 Access, Paradox, MySQL, Oracle, DB2, SQL Server,
Sybase, Cloudscape.

Syed M Irteza 6
File Processing Systems
 Problems associated with a collection of
files
 redundancy
 inconsistency
 integrity
 integration
 atomicity
 security

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DBMS vs. File Processing
Systems

 Major Difference:
 FPS
 A partition, localized control based on
administrative units.
 DBMS
 A unified centralized control under
DBA(database administrator).

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 FPS

Personnel Application
Department Personnel File
Program

? ?
? ? ?
? ?
Sales Application
Department Program Sales File

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FPS cont.
 They build their own files and application programs, in
languages like COBOL etc.

 Control is Localized.

 May not be compatible with each other

 E.g. one use C++ and second use COBOL

 Results in a lot of over head in making the both
compatible and a lot of troubles.

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DBMS
 In a DBMS everything is under one
roof. And the DBA has complete
control over the entire database.
 Control is centralized.

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 Benefits Of DBMS
• Data Sharing among different users is possible.

Information is in a Table Employee

usually

Sales

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Benefits Of DBMS cont.

 Data Redundancy is Reduced.

 Data Inconsistency is reduced, easier to update.

 In FPS we have to change every entry in every file
with the same data.
 In DBMS redundancy is reduced so only very rare
data inconsistency.
Usually only one record In DBMS.

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Benefits Of DBMS cont.
 Standards can be enforced.
 Practically desirable for data interchange over wide area.

NY
Paris

Chicago

Lahore London

 So we can enforce special formats for tables , so data

can be handled and processed.

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 Benefits Of DBMS cont.
 Security
 The DBA can ensure proper access to the database in FPS , it
is difficult to maintain security for dozens of diff. Departments.
 In DBA we can impose total security.

Sales

H.R
Management
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 Benefits Of DBMS cont.

 Transaction Support

 Integrity Support

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Tables Used

Supplier S
Supplier & Parts SP
S# SNAME STATUS CITY
S# P# QTY
S1 Smith 20 London
S2 Jones 10 Paris S1 P1 300
S3 Blake 30 Paris S1 P2 200
S4 Clark 20 London S1 P3 400
S5 Adams 30 Athens S1 P4 200
S1 P5 100
S1 P6 100
S2 P1 300
Parts P S2 P2 400
S3 P2 200
P# PNAME COLOR WEIGHT CITY S4 P2 200
P1 Nut Red 12 London S4 P4 300
P2 Bolt Green 17 Paris S4 P5 400
P3 Screw Blue 17 Rome
P4 Screw Red 14 London
P5 Cam Blue 12 Paris
P6 Cog Red 19 London

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End

END OF LESSON 01
(These slides were taken from M A Shahid)

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