Chapter 3 - Forces and Energy

3.
FORCES AND
ENERGY
3.1 Forces And Motion
 Things to know before lesson:
 The unit of force is Newton, N.
3.1 FORCES AND MOTION
 Learning Objective:
 LO1: Students can describe balanced forces in
terms of size & direction and learns that forces can
be acting on an object that is not moving.
 LO2: Students can recognize when forces are

unbalanced and list the effects of unbalanced
forces.
(LO1: Students Can Describe Balanced Forces In Terms Of Size & Direction And
Learns That Forces Can Be Acting On An Object That Is Not Moving.)
 Balanced force definition:
 A balanced force is a situation when two forces acting

on a body are equal in magnitude but opposite in
direction.
 The equal and opposite forces cancel out each other.

 A body in a state of rest will remain in rest.
 A body in motion will remain in motion.
(LO1: Students Can Describe Balanced Forces In Terms Of Size & Direction And Learns That
Forces Can Be Acting On An Object That Is Not Moving.)
 Balanced forces cannot change the state of motion or

the direction of motion.
 They can change the shape of the object.
 The body under the influence of balanced forces will

continue to be in its initial state of motion. The forces
cancel out each other due to their opposing direction.
 Examples of balanced forces:
 The weight of an object and the normal force acting on a body

are balanced. The weight acts in the downward direction due to
gravity, and the normal force acts in the opposite direction with
equal magnitude.
 A car that is pushed from opposite sides with equal force. The
car will remain in its state of rest only. It will never move.
 A lizard on a wall in a vertical position. The weight of the lizard

should pull it down due to the force of gravity. But, the force of
friction balances it out with an equal magnitude force.
 Cruise control in a car. The car is maintained at a uniform

speed due to balanced forces.
(LO2: Students can recognize when forces are unbalanced and list the effects of unbalanced
forces.)
 Unbalanced force definition:

 When two forces act upon a body in the same direction or in
opposite direction with unequal force then they are said to be
unbalanced.
 The net force is non-zero in this case.
 The value of the net force will cause a change in shape,

direction, or state of motion.
 It can also increase or decrease the speed of an object in motion.

forces.)
 If the forces are not opposite in direction, then both the forces
will be added together to form a stronger force in the intended
direction.
 If the forces are opposite in direction but unequal then the net
force will push the object in the direction of the net force. You
can understand this by seeing the image in next slide.
 When the forces are at different angles, the net resultant force
will be acting on the body.
forces.)
forces.)
 Examples of unbalanced forces:

 Seesaw with a heavier person on one side.
 Hitting a baseball with a force and change its
direction.
 Accelerating the speed of the car.
 Slowing down a parachute.
forces.)
3.2 SPEED
 LO3: Students will know the equation that links
speed, distance and time.
 LO4: Students can calculate speed, distance and
time using the information given to them.
 L05: Students know the standard units of speed
and able to calculate speed using different units.
3.2 SPEED
(LO3: STUDENTS WILL KNOW THE EQUATION THAT
LINKS SPEED, DISTANCE, AND TIME)
 Standard unit of speed:
 Speed is the distance that an object can travel within

a unit of time.
 For example:
 In 1 second, Jerome can run 9 meters.
 So, the speed of Jerome is 9 meters per second.
 Meters per second can be written as a unit of speed

known as m/s.
3.2 SPEED
(LO4: STUDENTS CAN CALCULATE SPEED, DISTANCE AND
TIME USING THE INFORMATION GIVEN TO THEM.)
 Calculating Speed:
 Average speed is used when the speed during
the journey is not constant.
 (Constant = Remains the same all the time)
3.2 SPEED
 A Formula Triangle:
3.2 SPEED
3.2 SPEED
3.2 SPEED
3.2 SPEED
(LO5: STUDENTS KNOW THE STANDARD UNITS OF SPEED
AND ABLE TO CALCULATE SPEED USING DIFFERENT UNITS)
3.2 SPEED
(LO5: STUDENTS KNOW THE STANDARD UNITS OF SPEED
AND ABLE TO CALCULATE SPEED USING DIFFERENT UNITS)
3.3 DESCRIBING MOVEMENT
Learning Objective:
LO6: Students will learn how to

use graphs to describe movement.
(LO6: STUDENTS WILL LEARN HOW TO USE GRAPHS
TO DESCRIBE MOVEMENT)
 Distance/Time Graphs:
 Distance/TimeGraphs can be used to

describe how distance and time are
related.
 Uses of Distance/Time Graphs:

Easier to see trends & patterns
Read any value of the distance and time
from the graph.
The values can be used to calculate speed.
Easy to see the information of the whole
journey.
3.4 TURNING FORCES
LO7: Students will learn that forces can
cause turning effects.
LO8: Students will learn moment and it’s
unit.
LO9: Students will learn to use the
equations linking moment, force and
distance.
3.4 TURNING FORCES
(LO7: STUDENTS WILL LEARN THAT FORCES CAN
CAUSE TURNING EFFECTS)
3.4 TURNING FORCES
3.4 TURNING FORCES
3.4 TURNING FORCES
3.4 TURNING FORCES
(LO8: STUDENTS WILL LEARN MOMENT AND IT’S
UNIT)
 Calculating Moments:
 The
turning effect of a force is known as the
moment.
3.4 TURNING FORCES
(LO9: STUDENTS WILL LEARN TO USE THE EQUATIONS
LINKING MOMENT, FORCE AND DISTANCE)
3.4 TURNING FORCES
3.4 TURNING FORCES
3.4 TURNING FORCES
3.4 TURNING FORCES
3.5 PRESSURE BETWEEN SOLIDS
L10: Students will understand that
pressure is the pushing effect of a force.
L11: Students can calculate using equations
linking to pressure, force and area.
(L10: STUDENTS WILL UNDERSTAND THAT PRESSURE
IS THE PUSHING EFFECT OF A FORCE)
(L11: STUDENTS CAN CALCULATE USING EQUATIONS
LINKING TO PRESSURE, FORCE AND AREA)
3.6 PRESSURE IN LIQUIDS AND GASES
LO12: Students will understand how
pressure works in liquids.
LO13: Students will understand how
pressure works in gas.
LO14: Students knows the effect of
temperature towards the gas pressure.
(LO12: STUDENTS WILL UNDERSTAND HOW PRESSURE WORKS
IN LIQUIDS)
IN LIQUIDS)
 The pressure in a liquid increases with depth. Why ?

 As you go deeper in a liquid, there is more liquid above you.
 The weight (caused by gravity) of all the liquid particles above you will be
added together and exerts force acting on you from above.
 As the force acting on you increases, the pressure will also increase.
 Therefore, the pressure of a liquid increases as the depth
increases.
IN LIQUIDS)
Pressure and depth in liquids:

IN GAS)
Pressure and depth in gases:

IN GAS)
 Pressure in Gases:
 Similar to liquids, the pressure of gas also increases
with depth.
 The pressure of gas is called as atmospheric pressure.
 Atmospheric pressure is the highest at the lowest altitude

and starts decreasing as the altitude gets higher.
(Note: Altitude is the height above sea level)

IN GAS)
 Why atmospheric pressure decreases as the altitude gets higher ?
 The further away the gas particles is from Earth, the gravitational force
acting on it also becomes weaker.
 Therefore, as the altitude becomes higher, the gas particles are able to
move freely and less concentrated together.
 This causes the weight above your position to decrease.
 As the weight (force) decreases, the atmospheric pressure will also

decrease.
(Note: The atmospheric pressure at sea level is about 100 000 N/m 2)
IN GAS)
 Effects Of Atmospheric Pressure:

IN GAS)
 Effects Of Atmospheric Pressure:

 Before the air is pump out, the atmospheric pressure
inside and outside the metal bottle is the same.
 After the air is pump out, the atmospheric pressure

inside the bottle becomes close to zero.
 The atmospheric pressure that is higher outside will

crush the metal container in
the end.
IN GAS)
 Pressure in gases inside a contained space:

IN GAS)
 Pressure in gases inside a contained space:

(LO14: STUDENTS KNOWS THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE TOWARDS
THE GAS PRESSURE)
 Effects Of Temperature Towards Gas Pressure In A Contained

Space:
 As TEMPERATURE increases, the SPEED of gas particles increases.
 Inside a CONTAINED space, the gas particles has LIMITED area to

travel.
 So, the COLLISION between the gas particles inside will increase also.
 More COLLISION leads to more FORCE which will increase the

PRESSURE inside.
(LO14: STUDENTS KNOWS THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE TOWARDS
THE GAS PRESSURE)
 Effects Of Temperature Towards Gas Pressure In A

Contained Space:
 In conclusion, increase in temperature will cause an increase in
gas pressure.
 Vice versa, increase of gas pressure in a contained space will cause

an increase in temperature also.
 Example: A Pressure Cooker

3.7 PARTICLES ON THE MOVE
 LO15: Students will understand the diffusion in
gas particles.
 LO16: Students will understand the diffusion in
liquid particles.
 LO17: Student can identify the factors that affects
the speed of diffusion.
(LO15: STUDENTS WILL UNDERSTAND THE DIFFUSION IN GAS
PARTICLES)
 Diffusion of Gas Particles:

 Gas particles always move randomly.
 When a concentrated gas was stored inside a container, each of the
gas particles will move randomly and spread out to fill the
container.
 This kind of movement is called as “Diffusion”
 Concentration is the number of particles in a particular volume.

PARTICLES)
PARTICLES)
(LO16: STUDENTS WILL UNDERSTAND THE DIFFUSION IN
LIQUID PARTICLES)
 Diffusion of Liquid Particles:

(LO17: STUDENTS CAN IDENTIFY THE FACTORS THAT AFFECTS
THE SPEED OF DIFFUSION)
END OF CHAPTER 3

Chapter 3 - Forces and Energy

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Chapter 3 - Forces and Energy

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

3.

 LO2: Students can recognize when forces are

 Balanced force definition:

 A balanced force is a situation when two forces acting

 The equal and opposite forces cancel out each other.

 Balanced forces cannot change the state of motion or

 They can change the shape of the object.

 The body under the influence of balanced forces will

 Examples of balanced forces:

 The weight of an object and the normal force acting on a body

 A lizard on a wall in a vertical position. The weight of the lizard

 Cruise control in a car. The car is maintained at a uniform

 Unbalanced force definition:

 The net force is non-zero in this case.

 The value of the net force will cause a change in shape,

 It can also increase or decrease the speed of an object in motion.

 Examples of unbalanced forces:

 Standard unit of speed:

 Speed is the distance that an object can travel within

 Meters per second can be written as a unit of speed

LO6: Students will learn how to

 Distance/TimeGraphs can be used to

 Uses of Distance/Time Graphs:

 The pressure in a liquid increases with depth. Why ?

Pressure and depth in liquids:

Pressure and depth in gases:

 The pressure of gas is called as atmospheric pressure.

 Atmospheric pressure is the highest at the lowest altitude

(Note: Altitude is the height above sea level)

 Why atmospheric pressure decreases as the altitude gets higher ?

 This causes the weight above your position to decrease.

 As the weight (force) decreases, the atmospheric pressure will also

 Effects Of Atmospheric Pressure:

 Effects Of Atmospheric Pressure:

 After the air is pump out, the atmospheric pressure

 The atmospheric pressure that is higher outside will

 Pressure in gases inside a contained space:

 Pressure in gases inside a contained space:

 Effects Of Temperature Towards Gas Pressure In A Contained

 Inside a CONTAINED space, the gas particles has LIMITED area to

 More COLLISION leads to more FORCE which will increase the

 Effects Of Temperature Towards Gas Pressure In A

 Vice versa, increase of gas pressure in a contained space will cause

 Example: A Pressure Cooker

 Diffusion of Gas Particles:

 Concentration is the number of particles in a particular volume.

 Diffusion of Liquid Particles:

You might also like