IPv6

 ADDRESS TYPES
 PACKET FORMAT
 EXTENSION HEADERS
 COMPARISION
 TRANSITION FRO IPV4 TO IPV6
• Host to host communication between systems in the internet.
• Flexible enough to work
• Solve the address exhaustion problem and other scalability problems
• Define-8000:0000:0000:0123:4567:89AB:CDEF
• New notation has been devised for writing 16 byte address. written as
eight groups of 4 hexadecimal digits with colons between the groups
• Optimization-
• 2 ways
• 1. Leading zeros with in a group can be omitted so 0123-123
• 2. one or more groups of 16 zero bits can be replaced as a pair of
columns .address becomes
• 8000::123:4567:89AB:CDEF
ADDRESS TYPES
• Allows 3 types of address
• 1. Unicast 2. Anycast 3. Multicast
• Unicast-An identifier for a single interface. A packet-sent unicast
address to the interface identified by that address
• Anycast-set of interfaces. sent one of the interfaces identified by the
address
• Multicast-many of the interfaces. Typically belong to different
nodes.The field of any address is variable length format prefix, which
identifies various categories of address
Packet format
Each packet is composed of mandatory base
header followed by payload.
Pay load-optional, data
Version-4 bit field. value is 6
Priority-4 bit field. Priority of packet with
respect to traffic congestion
Flow label-24 bit field. Special handling for a
particular flow of data.
Payload length-16 bit . Defines the length of the
IP datagram excluding the base header
Next header-8 bit. Defining the header that
follows the base header in the datagram
• Hop limit-8 bit. Serves the same purpose as the TTL field in IPV4
• Source address-128bit internet address that identifies the orginal
• Destination address-128 bit. Final destination
• Priority-defines the priority of each packet with respect to other
packets
• Divides the traffic into 2 namely as
• 1. congestion control 2. Non congestion controlled
• 0-lowest 1-highest
• Congestion-source adapts itself to traffic slowdown when there
is no congestion 0-7
• Non congestion-type of traffic that excepts minimum delay..8-
15 ports
Extension Header
• Length of base header is fixed-40 bytes
• Types-6 types
• 1. Hop by hop option-source needs to pass infn to all routers visited
by the datagram
• 2. Source routing- Extension header combines the concept of the
strict source route and the loose source route options of IPv4
• 3. Fragmentation-same as IPv4. only the original source can fragment
• 4. Authentication- dual purpose. Validates the message sender and
ensures the integrity of data
• 5. Encrypted security payload-extension that provides confidentiality
and guard against eavesdropping
• 6. Destination option-source needs to pass infn to the destn only.
Intermediate routers are not permitted access to this infn
Comparison IPv4 and IPv6
• 3 strategies has been devised by IETF to help transition
• 1. dual stack
• 2. Tunneling
• 3. Header translation
Dual stack
• In dual-stack router, A router’s interface is attached with IPv4 and
IPv6 addresses configured are used in order to transition from IPv4 to
IPv6. The dual stack router (DSR) gives the path for all the hosts to
communicate with the server without changing their IP addresses.
Tunnelling
• Tunneling is used as a medium to communicate the transit network
with the different IP versions.
• The IPv4 networks can communicate with the transit or intermediate
network on IPv6 with the help of the Tunnel. It’s also possible that the
IPv6 network can also communicate with IPv4 networks with the help
of a Tunnel.
Header translation
• Used when some of the system uses IPV4. The sender want to use
IPv6, but the receiver does not understand IPV6
• Header format must be totally changed through header translation.
The header of the IPV6 converted to IPv4